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Why is alcohol not considered
to be a nutrient
- Ethanol
- Not considered a nutrient
-
What is the energy equivalent
of alcohol
- Provides 7 kcals/gram
- Empty caleries
-
Why as alcohol been valued
throughout history
3% of total calories in typical North Americandiet from alcohol14 million Americans suffer from alcoholism
-
Where in the GI tract is
alcohol absorbed
-
What is the mechanism for
absorption
Liver
-
What factors affect
absorption
- Depends on rate of stomach emptying
- Rate of absorption
- o Wine > liquor > beer (slowest)
-
Where is alcohol metabolized and what are the final
end products of metabolism
- Majority is metabolized by the liver – detoxification
- Alcohol cannot be stored
- Alcohol has priority in metabolism
-
Where is alcohol found in the
body after it is absorbed
- Alcohol is found wherever water is found in the
- body
- Easily moves through the cell membrane (damaging
- it)
-
Give 4 reasons why women respond to alcohol
differently than men
-
What constitutes moderate drinking and what are the recommended maximum drinking limits
· Nondrinkers o Should not start drinking (for health) · Moderation: o No more than 1 drink a day for women and older- adults
o No more than 2 drinks per day for men -
One drink:
o 12 oz beer or wine cooler o 5 oz wine o 3 oz sherry or liqueur o 1.5 oz 80-proof distilled sprits
-
List 5 benefits of moderate alcohol use
-
List the major health risks associated with heavy drinking
-
Alcoholism
· Symptoms include trembling, slurred speech, sleep- problems, memory loss, unsteady gait
· Many experience more stress · Intoxicated from smaller amount · Interaction with medications · Recommend no more than 1 drink per day
-
Cirrhosis
· Fatty infiltration of the liver · Increased synthesis of fat · Enlarged fat cells o Choke off nutrient and O2 supply to- liver cells
o Engorged fat cells burst and die · Scar tissues · 50% chance of death within 4 years · Advanced stages are not reversible · Destruction of vital tissues regardless of diet
-
List factors contributing to the diagnosis of alcoholism
· Physiological dependence on alcohol · Tolerance to the effects of alcohol · Alcohol-associated illnesses (memory loss, liver- disease, etc.)
· Continued drinking in defiance of medical and social- contraindications
· Depression and blackouts · Flushed face/reddened skin
-
Describe what is meant by CAGE Screening
· C: Have- you ever felt you ought to cut down
- on drinking?
· A: Have- people annoyed you by criticizing
- your drinking?
· G: Have- you ever felt bad or guilty about
- your drinking?
· E: Have- you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get
- rid of a hangover? (As an eye-opener)
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