Lipids

  1. 4 major tissues involved in lipid
    • Triglycerides
    • Most common form of fats and oils
    • Fatty acids attached to a glycerol

    • Phospholipids
    • Built on a glycerol backbone
    • Contains phosphorus compound(s)
    • Found in body
    • Synthesized by the body as needed

    • Sterols
    • Multi-ringed structure
    • Do not have a glycerol backbone
    • Cholesterol is a sterol
    • Waxy substance
    • Do not readily dissolve in water
    • Found in animal products

    Fats & Oils
  2. 6 fat substitutes
    • ·
    • Water
    • o Diet margarine
    • Z-trim
    • o Starch derivative that binds with water
    • Fiber Celluose
    • o Maltrin, Stellar, Oatrim
    • Dairy-Lo
    • o Protein globules
    • Olestra or Olean
    • (links fatty acid to sucrose)
    • o Not digested
    • o FDA approved for fried snack foods
    • o Fat-soluble vitamins issue
    • Salatrim or Benefat
    • o Fat and sucrose
    • o Not digested and/or absorbed well
  3. the risks associated with, and strategies for reducing
    intake of trans fatty acids
    • Excessive Intake
    • o Raises LDL
    • o Lowers HDL
    • o Increases risk for cardiovascular disease
    • o Current intake is 3%-4% of total kcal
    • o Added to food labels Jan. ‘06
    • To Decrease Intake
    • o Limit use of hydrogenated fats
    • o Limit _deep-fried foods
    • o Limit high-fat baked foods
    • Limit use of non-dairy creamers
  4. Identify the key enzyme involved in fat
    (triglycerides) digestion and absorption
    • Digestion of Fat in the Small Intestine
    • Primary site of fat digestion
    • Cholecystokinin (CCK)
    • o Stimulates release of pancreatic lipase (major fat-digesting enzyme)
  5. What is the role of bile in
    this process
    • Bile acid released
    • o Emulsifies digested fat
  6. What is the end product of
    fat absorption, how is it transported, and what is it’s initial target organ
    • Transportation of Absorbed Fatty Acids
    • Re-formed into triglycerides
    • Packaged into chylomicrons
    • Lipoprotein lipase
    • o Breaks down triglycerides in the chylomicrons
    • Chylomicron remnant
    • Delivered to the liver
  7. raising HDL-cholesterol
    • Physical Activity
    • At least 45 min/day, 4 days a week
    • Don’t smoke
    • Eat regularly
    • Eat less total fat
    • Moderate intake of alcohol
    • increases HDL
  8. Recommendations for Fat Intake
    • No RDA
    • The adult AMDR for total fat
    • intake is 20-30 percent of total calories
    • AHA recommendations
    • o 20-30% of total kcal from fat
    • o 7-10% can come from saturated/trans fat
    • o 200-300 mg cholesterol/day
    • Average U.S.
    • intake:
    • o 33% of total kcal from fat
    • o 13% of kcal from saturated fat
    • o 180-320 mg cholesterol/day
Author
Anonymous
ID
70824
Card Set
Lipids
Description
Lipids
Updated