-
4 major tissues involved in lipid
- Triglycerides
- Most common form of fats and oils
- Fatty acids attached to a glycerol
- Phospholipids
- Built on a glycerol backbone
- Contains phosphorus compound(s)
- Found in body
- Synthesized by the body as needed
- Sterols
- Multi-ringed structure
- Do not have a glycerol backbone
- Cholesterol is a sterol
- Waxy substance
- Do not readily dissolve in water
- Found in animal products
Fats & Oils
-
6 fat substitutes
- ·
- Water
- o Diet margarine
- Z-trim
- o Starch derivative that binds with water
- Fiber Celluose
- o Maltrin, Stellar, Oatrim
- Dairy-Lo
- o Protein globules
- Olestra or Olean
- (links fatty acid to sucrose)
- o Not digested
- o FDA approved for fried snack foods
- o Fat-soluble vitamins issue
- Salatrim or Benefat
- o Fat and sucrose
- o Not digested and/or absorbed well
-
the risks associated with, and strategies for reducing
intake of trans fatty acids
- Excessive Intake
- o Raises LDL
- o Lowers HDL
- o Increases risk for cardiovascular disease
- o Current intake is 3%-4% of total kcal
- o Added to food labels Jan. ‘06
- To Decrease Intake
- o Limit use of hydrogenated fats
- o Limit _deep-fried foods
- o Limit high-fat baked foods
- Limit use of non-dairy creamers
-
Identify the key enzyme involved in fat
(triglycerides) digestion and absorption
- Digestion of Fat in the Small Intestine
- Primary site of fat digestion
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- o Stimulates release of pancreatic lipase (major fat-digesting enzyme)
-
What is the role of bile in
this process
- Bile acid released
- o Emulsifies digested fat
-
What is the end product of
fat absorption, how is it transported, and what is it’s initial target organ
- Transportation of Absorbed Fatty Acids
- Re-formed into triglycerides
- Packaged into chylomicrons
- Lipoprotein lipase
- o Breaks down triglycerides in the chylomicrons
- Chylomicron remnant
- Delivered to the liver
-
raising HDL-cholesterol
- Physical Activity
- At least 45 min/day, 4 days a week
- Don’t smoke
- Eat regularly
- Eat less total fat
- Moderate intake of alcohol
- increases HDL
-
Recommendations for Fat Intake
- No RDA
- The adult AMDR for total fat
- intake is 20-30 percent of total calories
- AHA recommendations
- o 20-30% of total kcal from fat
- o 7-10% can come from saturated/trans fat
- o 200-300 mg cholesterol/day
- Average U.S.
- intake:
- o 33% of total kcal from fat
- o 13% of kcal from saturated fat
- o 180-320 mg cholesterol/day
|
|