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Angiosperm
Flowering plants; largest group in the plant kingdom; 250k species. seeds from these plants are formed inside containers we call fruits.
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Gymnosperm
A member of a class of plants forming seeds in an exposed condition, frequently in cones
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Metabolism
The sum of the biochemical processes of a living organism.
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Determinate growth
Growth to a genetically predetermined size.
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Gene
A unit of genetic inheritance.
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Indeterminate growth
Growth to an indefinite size.
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Middle lamella
A layer of pectin binding two adjacent cell walls.
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Cell wall
The outer covering of a cell.
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Cytoplasmic membrane
The membrane enclosing the cytoplasm.
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Cytoplasm
The living protoplasm of a cell, excluding the nucleus.
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Plasmodesmata
Fine strands of cytoplasm that pass through cell walls, connecting adjacent cells.
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Chloroplast
A cellular body in which photosynthesis occurs. (double membraned organelle)
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Vacuole
A fluid filled sac within a cell.
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Organelle
A cell structure performing a specific function.
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Nucleus
The body within a cell controlling its activities, including inheritance.
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Ribosomes
Manufacturing proteins of a cell
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Lysosomes
Garbage can of cell
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Endoplasmic riticulum
Highway system of a cell
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Golgi bodies
UPS of cell. How things get transported around cell.
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Apical meristem
Like apex, top of plant
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Scarification
Breaking seed coat. By acid, hot water, fire, or mechanical.
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Stratification
Cool, moist conditions provided to seed for germination.
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Autotrophic
Self-sustaining; plant converts sunlight into food.
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Epigeous germination
Seed germination in which the cotyledons are raised above the soil surface.
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Hypogeous germination
Seed germination in which the cotyledons remain below the soil surface.
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Endosperm
Provides nutrition to embryo.... food storage tissue in seeds.... "within" "seed"
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Coleoptile
Embryonic root of a monocot
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Plumule
An embryonic shoot
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Mitochondria
Power plants of cell. Where cell respiration provides energy. (double membraned organelle)
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Cellulose
A plant substance forming a part of the structure of cell walls. Starch
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Mitosis
When a cell divides to make one exactly like itself.... a cell divisional process in which the chromosomes are duplicated
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Imbibition
The process of water absorption by a dry substance or structure, causing it to swell.
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Protoplasm
The living substance of cells, including cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water across permeable cell membranes that select for or against certain substances.
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A living thing has:
1 cells. 2 metabolism. 3 growth. 4 reproduction. 5 responds to the environment.
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Allelopathy
"mutual suffering" , release of chemicals by a plant to discourage the growth of other plants near it.
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Cellular respiration
The chemical breakdown of food substances, resulting in the liberation of energy.
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Cotyledon
A seed leaf; a food storage structure in seeds
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Radicle
An embryonic root [L: radicula, "small root"]
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Chromosome
A threadlike structure bearing genes in a cell nucleus
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Hypocotyl
the part of a seedling between the roots and the place of the attachment of the cotyledons
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Polyembryony
Seeds with two embryos
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