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blood functions
- 1. transportation of gases, nutrients & hormones
- 2. regulation of pH, body temp
- 3. protection through clotting, WBC
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blood components
formed elements: RBC, WBC, Platelets
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RBCs
- contain hemoglobin
- Prod = destruction of at least 2mil new RBC's per SECOND
- glycolipids in membrane responsible for ABO & Rh types
- lack nucleus & other organelles such as mitochondria
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Hemoglobin
- IRON can combine Reversibly w/ OXYGEN
- transports 23% of total CO2
- NOxide binds to hemoglobin, releasing NO causing vasodilation..improving blood flow and oxygen delivery
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RBC lifecycle
- 120 days
- Globin, Iron are reused
- Heme ends up in urine or feces
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WBCs
- have Nuclei, NO hemoglobin
- two types:
- granular: neutro, baso, eosinophils
- Agranular: lymphocytes & monocytes
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Do elements divide once they leave bone marrow
No, except for lymphocytes
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Neutro & macrophages
- Active phagocytes
- Attracted by CHEMOTAXIS
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neutrophils
- use LYSOZYMES to kill bacteria
- Small in #, but act QUICKLY
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monocytes
- differentiate into macrophages to destroy microbes
- large in #'s, but take LONGer to arrive
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Leukopenia
DECREASE in WBC's :(
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basophils
- release heparin, histamine, seratonin
- intensify inflammatory reaction
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eosinophils
- releases enzymes (histaminase) which attack parasitic worms
- leave capillaries and enter TISSUE fluid
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lymphocytes components
- B-cells: destroy bacteria & toxins
- T-cells: attack viruses, fungi, cancer & some bac
- NK cells: attack wide variety of microbes
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Platelets/Thrombocytes
- help stop blood loss by clotting
- short lifespan of 5-9 days
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STEM cell transplants (2 types)
- Bone marrow: replaces bone marrow with healthy individual, taking 2-3 weeks for enough WBC's to be produced
- Cord-blood: stem cells taken from umbilical cord before birth, can be stored indefinitely
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Bone marrow transplant risks
Graft-vs HOST disease: the red bone marrow transplanted produces T-cells that attack host tissues
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Hemostasis
- A sequence of 3 things that occur to STOP bleeding
- 1. vascular spasm: smooth muscles in artery CONTRACT
- 2. platelet PLUG formation: platelets accumulate in large #'s
- 3. blood clotting
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Blood group
- Determined by the presence (or absence) of ANTIGENS
- At least 24 Blood groups and over 100Antigens
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Blood Groups: ABO
- ABO: if have type A blood, you have the A antigen (and B antibodies, so NO B antigen)
- O is universal donor, AB is universal ACCEPTOR (has neither antibodies so does not agglutinate
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