Physiology - Vessels Difficult questions

• blood volume
• effectivness of heart as a pump
• resistance of system
• distribution of fluid between arteries and veins

inversly related to change in pressure / resistance

• CO=P/R
• P=CO x R

myogenic activity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, endothelin, sympathetic stimulation, vasopressin, angiotensin2, and the cold

decreased myogenic activity oxygen, carbon dioxide, decreased sympathetic stimulation, histamine release, and heat.

• stroke volume
• distensability of vessels

hydrostatic pressure

a vessels resistance to flow

• increase in hydrostatic pressure
• decrease in plasma proteins
• increase in interstitial fluids

• increased blood pressure
• parasympathetic only effects SA node

• decreased blood pressure
• parasympathetic only effects the SA

• headaches
• blurred vision
• fatigue

• occurs in 35-50% of people (50% get end organ developement)
• shortens life by 10-20 years
• HTN risk doubles with every 20/10 increase in mmhg

• secondary to a disease
• nephrosclerosis is most common (3-5%)
• hyper aldosterone increased blood volume
• pheochromocytoma catecholamine secreting tumour
• 5-10% causes renal disease

• • Heart muscle hypertrophies
• • Pulmonary edema (build up of fluid)
• • Congestive heart failure

• wide pulse pressure: systolic
• TPR: diastolic

• Calcium channel blockers
• Diuretics
• Betablocking drugs
• ACE inhibitors

• - malignant hypertension
• - hypertension associated to pregnancy