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tissue
a group of cells of the same type having a common function
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xylem
a water conducting tissue in plants
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phloem
the food conducting tissue of plants
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molecule
a chemically bonded group of atoms
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organ
a part of a plant, composed of different tissues, that acts as a functional unit
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organism
a living plant or animal
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epidermis
the outer layer of cells on an herbaceous cell
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cuticle
a waxy layer on the outside of leaves, herbaceous stems and fruits
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glaucous
smooth and having a waxy bloom
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pubescent
having short hairs
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epidermal hair
a filament of cells arising from an epidermal cell
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cortex
the region in roots and stems immediately inside the epidermis
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cutin
the waxy substance forming a cuticle layer
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pith
a region of parenchyma cells at the center of a stem
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vascular plant
any plant containing water- and food-conducting tissues
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vascular bundle
a strand of conducting tissue containing xylem and phloem
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primary growth
growth arising from cellular activities on apical meristems
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primary tissue
a tissue formed during primary growth
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primary phloem
food-conducting tissue formed by growth activities originating in apical meristems
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primary xylem
water-conducting tissue formed by growth activities originating in apical meristems
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secondary phloem
food-conducting tissue formed by the vascular cambium
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secondary xylem
water-conducting tissue formed by the vascular cambium
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vascular cambium
a narrow cylinder of cells that gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem; a lateral meristem
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cork cambium
a layer of cells in the bark giving rise to the cork; a lateral meristem
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cork
the protective, outer tissue of the bark
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wood
the dense tissue composed of secondary xylem in stems and roots
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suberin
a fatty plant substance present in the walls of cork cells; waterproofing
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scion
a plant part inserted into a root stock during grafting
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stock
a rooted plant into which a scion is inserted during grafting
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sapwood
the outer, light colored, water-conducting region of secondary xylem
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heartwood
the central, dark colored portion of secondary xylem in a tree trunk
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vascular ray
a narrow sheet of cells running radially across the secondary vascular tissues of a stem or root
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annual ring
a cylinder of secondary xylem added to the wood in a single growing season
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springwood
xylem laid down by the vascular cambium in spring and early summer; also called earlywood
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summerwood
xylem laid down by the vascular cambium in late summer; also called latewood
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fiber
a long, thick-walled cell that dies at maturity
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amylase
an enzyme that breaks down starch
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hirscute
hairy (long beard)
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