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*How are living things organized for study?
*To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
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taxonomy
this is where scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name
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binomial nomenclature
two-word naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus (18th century Swedish botanist)
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*Describe the system for naming species that Linnaeus developed.
*In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
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genus
a group of closesly related species
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*What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus's classification system?
*Linnaeus's hierarchical system of classification includes seven levels. They are- from smallest to largest- species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.
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family
group of genera that share many characteristics
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order
braod taxonomic catergory composed of similar families
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class
composed of similar orders
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phylum
group of closely related classes
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kingdom
largesty and most inclusive of the categories and consists of Animalia and Plantae
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phylogeny
evolutionary relationships among organisms
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*Summarize how evolutionary biologists use phylogenetic methods to classify organisms.
*Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, or phylogeny,not just physical similarities.
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evolutionary classification
strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history
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derived characters
characteristics that occur in recent parts of the lineage byt not in its older memners
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cladogram
diagram that shows evolutinary relationships
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*How do evolutionary scientist use genes to classify organisms?
*The genes of manty organisms show important similarities at the molecular level. Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships.
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molecular clock
uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently
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*What are the 6 kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
*The six-kingdom system of classification includes the kingdoms Eubacateria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
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domain
mare inclusive category than any other- larger than kingdom
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*What are the three domains of life?
*The three domains are the domain Eukarya, which is composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals; the domain Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria; and the domain Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria.
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Bacteria
members of this domain are unicellular and prokaryotic
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Eubacteria
these bacteria are ecologically diverse, ranging from free-living soil organisms to deadly parasites
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Archaea
they live in some of the most extreme environments you can imagine
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Archaebacteria
cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
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Eukarya
all organisms that have a nucleus
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Protista
eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
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Plantae
multicellular organisms that are photsynthetic autotrophs
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Animalia
multicellular and heterotrophic
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