-
state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
homeostasis
-
breathing - air into lungs
inspiration or inhalation
-
breathing - air out of lungs
expiration or exhalation
-
normal respiration (in adult usually 15-20 breaths per minute)
- eu-pnea
- eu- means normal
- -pnea means breathing
-
muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
-
chest cavity
- thoracic cavity
- thorac = chest
-
pertaining to the diaphragm
- phren ic
- sometimes also means pertaining to the mind
-
membrane that surrounds each lung; also surrounds the walls of the chest cavity
pleura
-
the space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
pleural cavity
-
alveol/p
- alveolus (pl. alveoli)
- air sacs of the lungs
-
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
-
-
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
-
-
-
-
-
-
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o
lung (pneum/o sometimes means air)
-
-
labored or difficult breathing
- dys pnea
- dys- means difficult
- -pnea means breathing
-
means temporary absence of breathing
- a pnea
- a- means without
- -pnea means breathing
-
condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing
- ortho pnea
- orth/o = straight
- -pnea means breathing
-
abnormally slow breathing
- brady pnea
- brady- means slow
- -pnea means breathing
-
accelerated respiration; exceeds 25 breaths per minute
- tachy pnea
- tachy- means fast
- -pnea means breathing
-
increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal; a certain degree of this is normal after exercise but it can also result from pain, respiratory or heart disease, or several other conditions
- hyper pnea
- hyper- means more than normal
- -pnea means breathing
-
hyperpnea may lead to this; increased aeration of the lungs which commonly reduces carbon dioxide levels in the body and can disrupt homeostasis (so also DEEP breathing)
hyper ventilation
-
measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs
- spiro metry
- spir/o = to breath
- -metry = measurement
-
the largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration
vital capacity
-
inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function
acute respiratory failure
-
acute respiratory failure can lead to _____ (less than normal oxygen) or _____ (absence of oxygen); both mean a deficiency of oxygen, which can be caused by respiratory disorders but can occur under other conditions as well
- hyp oxia: hypo means less than normal
- an oxia: an means absence
- ox means oxygen
- hypoxia can be caused by a lowered oxygen concentration in the air at high altitudes or anemia
-
a disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency or hypoxemia
adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS)
-
paroxysemal dyspnea accompanied by wheazing; caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucus membranes
asthma
-
a whistling sound made during respiration
wheezing
-
means occuring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms
paroxysmal
-
incomplete expansion of a lung or a portion of it; airlessness or collapse of a lung that had once been expanded
- atel ectasis
- atel/o = imperfect
- -ectasis = stretching
-
chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
- bronchi ectasis
- bronch/o = bronchus
- -ectasis = stretching
-
radiography of the bronchi after a radiopaque substance has been injected into them
broncho graphy
-
record of the bronchi and lungs produced by bronchography
bronchogram
-
lung cancer, he leading cause of cancer-related death; research has consistently confirmed that smoking plays a predominant role in the development of lung cancer
carcinoma of the lung
-
a disease process that decreases the ability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function; this process can result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma, or cronic bronchiolitis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
-
a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty in breathing
emphysema
-
blood in the pleural cavity
-
an acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, and muscular discomfort; it is caused by several different types of viruses
influenza
-
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
-
-inflammation of the pleura
-it can be caused by infection, injury or a tumor
-or it can be a complication of certain lung disease
-characterized by a sharp pain on inspiration
- pleuritis
- also called pleurisy
-
-a respiratory condition caused by inhilation of dust particles
-frequently seen in people involved in occupations such as mining and stonecutting
- pneumo conio sis
- pneumo = lung
- conio = dust
-
the accumulation of fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, often caused by congestive heart failure
pulmonary edema
-
the blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or a blood clot
pulmonary embolism
-
an infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by a coronavirus; is reported to have a fatality rate or approximately 3%
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
-
a form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of the dust of stone, sand or flint that contains silica (quartz is a similar form of silica in its pure state, but silica is present in mant materials, particularly glass)
silicosis
-
the sudeen, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsic evidence of disease
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
-
an infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobaterium tuberculosis; it is often chronic in nature and commonly affects the lungs, although it can occur elsewhere in the body
- tuberculosis (TB)
- the disease is named for the tubercles - small, round nodules - that are produced in the lungs by bacteria
-
SUFFOCATION; requires immediate corrective measures to prevent loss of consciousness, and, if not corrected, death
asphyxiation
-
necessary in upper airway obstruction
- tracheostomy
- tracheo = wind pipe
- stomy = opening
- requires a tracheotomy...
-
an incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlaying the trachea; usually performed for insertion of a tube to releave tracheal obstruction
- tracheotomy
- tomy = incision
-
machine that's used for prolonged artificial ventilation in the lungs
ventilator
-
the insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea and may be used to keep an airway open, prevent aspiration of material from the digestive tract in an unconscious or paralyzed patient, permit suctioning of secretions, or provide ventilation that cannot be accomplished with a mask
endotracheal intubation
-
refer to insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth, respectively
- nasotracheal intubation: through the nose
- orotracheal intubation: through the mouth
-
a more efficient long term method of delivering oxygen and is an alternative to the nasal canulla
transtracheal oxygen
-
a devide that delivers oxygen by way of two small tubes that are inserted into the nostrils, is frequently used for long term oxygen maintainance
nasal cannula
-
eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion
decongestants
-
prevent or relieve coughing
anti tussives
-
used to treat colds or allergies
anti histamines
-
agents that cause dilation of the bronchi and are used in respiratory conditions where the air passages are constricted, such as asthma
broncho dilators
-
destroy or dissolve mucus and are also helpful in opening the breathing passages
muco lytics
-
removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosil
lung biopsy
-
tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin
- percutaneous biopsy
- per = through
- cutaneo = skin
-
surgical removal of all or part of a lung
- pneumonectomy
- pneumono = lung
- ectomy = excision
-
removal of a lobe of a lung
pulmonary lobectomy
-
plastic surgery of the nose; usually performed for cosmetic reasons, but it might also be necessary to provide a free passageway for respiration
rhinoplasty
-
surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid
- thoracocentesis
- thoraco = chest
- centesis = surgical puncture
- also called thoracentis or thoracic paracentesis
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
spir/o
to breathe (sometimes, spiral)
|
|