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Uterus:
- location
- shape and size
- anteverted, anteflexion vs retroflexion
- body
- fundus
- isthmus
- cervix:
- neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina
- cervical canal
- external os (opening of the cervix that communicates with the vagina)
- internal os (opening that communicates with the uterus)
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histology of uterine wall:
- perimetrium: outer layer (visceral peritoneum)
- myometrium: middle layer of smooth muscle, 90% of the mass of the uterus
- endometrium: glandular lining of the uterus, % of the mass of the uterus
- consists of two functional layers:
- stratum functionalis: inner layer, contains glands, blood vessels and is shed during menstruation
- stratum basalis: deeper layer, glands originates from the basalis, forms the new stratum functionalis after menstruation
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blood supply:
- uterine arteries:
- branches of the internal iliac arteries in the pelvis
- travel along the side of the uterus body and send branches into the uterine wall
- arcuate arteries, straight arteries, spiral arteries
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Supports of the uterus:
- broad ligament
- three pairs of suspensory ligaments:
- uterosacral ligament: lateral surface of the uterus to the anterior face of the sacrum
- round ligament: from side of the uterus , through the inguinal canal and anchors in the external genitalia
- lateral ligaments: from the base of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis
- pelvic floor
- peritoneal folds: vesicouterine pouch (between the bladder and uterus), rectouterine pouch (between the rectum and uterus)
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Vagina:
- location
- shape and size
- functions
- fornix
- vaginal uterine angle
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blood supply of the vagina:
uterine artery and veins also supply the vagina
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histology of the vagina:
- mucosa: stratified squamous (produces glycogen which is metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid)
- muscularis: inner circular and very thick outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
- adventitia
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vulva or pudendum:
- External genitalia (external to the vagina)
- mons pubis: adipose tissue overlying the pubic bone
- labia majora: large lips, two elongated fatty folds of skin, homologous the scrotum, sebaceous and sweat glands
- labia minora: small lips, two thin fat free folds of skin
- vestibule: opening into the vagina
- greater vestibular glands: two pea sized glands on both sides of the vaginal opening, homologous to the bulbourethral glands in the male
- clitoris: composed of erectile tissue homologous to the corpora cavernosa in the male, prepuce
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Mammary glands:
- External genitalia (external to the vagina)
- modified sweat glands
- produce and secrete milk
- consists of 15-20 lobes that contain glands
- connective tissue septa separate the lobes and function as suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle and to the overlying skin (natural support for the breast)
- lactiferous ducts
- lactiferous sinuses
- nipple
- areola
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