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Components of the urinary system
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Kidney gross anatomy:
- location
- size
- surface anatomy: hilus, renal sinus
- supportive tissues: renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
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Kidney internal anatomy:
- cortex: outermost layer
- medulla: middle layer
- medulla or renal pyramids - base and apex
- renal papilla
- renal columns
- lobes
- renal pelvis: continues as the ureter
- major calyx
- minor calyx
- pelvis
- ureter
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blood supply and drainage of the kidneys:
- renal arteries
- segmental arteries
- interlobar arteries
- arcuate arteries
- interlobular arteries
- afferent arterioles
- efferent arterioles
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
- interlobular veins
- arcuate veins
- interlobar veins
- renal veins
- inferior vena cava
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Nephron:
- structural and functional unit of the kidney
- consists of glomerulus and renal tubule
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glomerulus (renal corpuscle):
- knot of fenestrated capillaries
- glomerulus capsule (Bowman’s capsule): parietal capsular layer, visceral capsular layer
- podocytes
- vascular pole
- urinary pole
- urinary space
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renal tubule:
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- collecting system
- juxtaglomerular apparatus
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loop of Henle
- descending
- ascending
- distal convoluted tubule
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collecting system:
- collecting tubes
- collecting ducts
- papillary ducts
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juxtaglomerular apparatus:
- juxtaglomerular cells: modified smooth muscle cells, function as mechanoreceptors
- macula densa: modified cuboidal cells in
- the distal convoluted tubule, functions as chemoreceptors
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