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Diazepam (Valium)
- Prototypic benzodiazepine; many uses: maine ones are antianxiety/panic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, increases GABA receptor coupled chloride conductance
- Desmethyldiazepam is a long-lasting active metabolite; accumulation; main SEs are extensions of depressant pharmacology (ie sedation, intoxication)
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Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
- MOA same as diazepam
- Poorly absorbed after oral admin; longer duration of action than diazepam
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Desmethyldiazepam
- Active metabolite of many benzodiasepines
- Active metabolite of diazepam, looooong half-life, accumulates
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Oxazepam (Serax)
- Same as diazepam; deactivated by glucuronidation (endpoint of desmethyldiazepam and diazepam)
- Active metabolite of diazepam; poorly absorbed after oral admin, shorter duration of action than diazepam
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Flumazenil
- Used for benzodiazepine OD; competative benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
- In benzodiazepine dependent patient --> can precipitate withdrawal; also helps in patients with combined OD's involving benzodiazepines
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Buspirone (Buspar)
- Antianxiety/acts at 5-HT1a receptor
- Not a CNS depressant; has no abuse or dependence potential
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Hydroxyzine
- Sedative antihistamine
- Sedation is also a significant SE
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Propranolol
Beta-blocker for treating autonomic signs/symptoms of anxiety
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