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Alcohol/Drug Abuse
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alcohol (ethanol)
Legal limit for driving while intoxicated is 0.08% in VA
Very steep dose effect curve; effect like depressant drugs; withdrawal can result in convulsions and delerium
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Relapse prevention
Only oral preps are available
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Relapse prevention/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Acetaldehyde syndrome results from any alcohol use (flushing, N/V)
Benzodiazepeines
Treatment of alcohol and other CNS depressant drug dependence (cross tolerance with alcohol)
Heroin
Synthetic morphine analog
3 times more potent than morphine
Morphine
analgesic/ mu opoid agonist
extracted from poppy plant
Methadone
detox and maintenance/ mu agonist
Effective for 24 hours in treating withdrawal after oral administration
Naloxone (Narcan)
Opiate OD treatment/ a "pure" mu opiate antagonist
very short acting in overdose (often need multiple dosings)
Cocaine
inhibits DA uptake
short acting; rapid onset after IV or inhalation; abuse can lead to paranoia and psychosis
Amphetamines
Includes dexamphetamine and methamphetamine; stimulates DA and NE release
Centrally acting sympathomimetic effects; abuse can lead to paranoia and psychosis
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Dissociative anesthetic/ NMDA antagonist
Produces unique intoxication with motor impairment
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Dissociative anesthetic very similar to PCP/ NMDA antagonist
Shorter duration of action tham PCP; known as "special K"
LSD
Indoleamine hallucinogen/5-HT2 agonist
Very potentn/long lasting
Mescaline
Substituted phenethylamine hallucinogen/ similar-ish to LSD
Less potent than LSD
From a cactus
MDMA
Substituted phenethylamine hallucinogen/ similar-ish to LSD
Has more amphetamine- like effects
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
Available as dronabinol for increasing appetitie; active constituent in cannabis
Nitrates
Vasodilator; smooth muscle relaxant
Use is decreasing since removed from easy availability
Solvents
Examples
: Toulene, butane, trichoroethane
Produce alcohol-like effects; very fast acting
Each has its own toxicology; some produce cardiac arrest
Nitrous oxide
Gaseous anesthetic
Gas at room temperature, produces rapid intoxication
Nicotine
Nicotine replacement therapy
Available in various forms
Varenicline (Chantix)
Smoking cessation
Partial nicotinic agonist
Pt starts taking it 2 weeks before quitting.
Author
Anonymous
ID
70434
Card Set
Alcohol/Drug Abuse
Description
Abuse
Updated
2011-03-03T16:13:18Z
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