MA 201 Clinical Duties

• 1. To protect body against invaders
• 2. Recognize things as SELF or Non-SELF
• 3. Attempts to destroy non-self things (protection)

• Everything in harmony
• Bio indicators within limits

• 1. bacteria
• 2. viruses
• 3. fungi
• 4. parasites
• 5. foreign matter

• 1. Cell
• 2. Tissue
• 3. Protein
• 4. Food
• 5. Air Particles

• 1. antigens
• 2. blood or tisue from transplant
• 3. foreign material
• 4. food we eat
• 5. particles in the air
• 6. allergens

• BARRIERS
• 1. Anatomical barriers
• -skin / mucose membranes
• 2. Biological barriers
• -sweat / oil on skin
• 3. Mechanical barriers
• -dead skin sloughs off
• -vomiting
• -coughing

• INFLAMMATION
• When exterior barriers broken
• -injury or invasion
• Results in warm, red, swollen skin

• ANTIBODY DEFENSE
• specific cells that attack antigen

• 1. Identify self non-self
• 2. Maintain Homeostasis
• 3. Continual surveillance

• 1. Red blood cells (RBC) Erythrocytes - carry O2 to the cells
• 2. Platelets Thrombocytes - clot blood
• 3. White blood cells (WBC) Leucocytes - fight disease as part of the immune system

• Granulated
• -Eosinophils
• -Neutrophils
• -Basophils

• Non-Granulated (most common)
• -Lymphocytes
• -Monocytes

Immature cells grow/develope into large cells

Macrophages - help fight infection through phagocytosis (engulf and destroy)

Recognize specific antigen target

• 2 Types
• 1. T-Lymphocytes mature in Thymus gland (T for T)
• 2. B-Lymphocytes mature in bone marrow (B for B)

• Located in anterior portion of chest
• Dissapears over time by late ages
• Older people get sick easier without it.

• 1. Bone marrow
• -fight invaders that reach circulatory system
• 2. Thymus Gland
• -where t-lymph mature
• 3. Lymph Nodes
• -filters antigens for destruction
• 4. Spleen
• -fight invaders that reach circulatory system
• -carries tons of red blood cells (RBC)
• -if gone, will get sick easier
• 5. Tonsils
• -fight invaders of the respiratory system
• 6. Adenoids
• -fight invaders of the respiratory system
• 7. Appendix
• -fight invaders of the digestive system (vestigal organ / not needed)
• 8. Peyer's Patches
• -in intestinal track (the ilium)
• -fight invaders of the digestive track
• -where they grow

How immune cells determine if encountered cells if self non-self

This is the self marker for all cells

Any cell without the MHC marker

Will be destroyed by immune system

• Most abundant of all WBC.
• Acts directly on invading cells.

• 1. Helper T-cells
• - helps other cells perform functions
• - act as security and detecs invaders
• - have a CD4+ marker (checked during HIV infection)

• 2. Suppressor T-cells
• - keep virus at bay (no flare-ups)

• 3. Killer T-cells
• - directly kill non-self cells
• - aka Cytotoxic T-cells

• 4. Memory T-cells
• - injury (will remember what did last time and act faster)
• - muscle memory from repitition

• Produce antibodies
• - cell markers that fit specific antigen and make useless. (Virus)
• - known as
• - Humoral Response (B-Cell) or
• - Antibody-mediated (T-Cell) response

• 1. CBC most common blood draw
• 2. Elevated WBC count = internal infection
• 3. Sarc=flesh
• 4. Oma=tumor/mass
• 5. Hep C most deadly, no cure
• 6. Erytheme "means red"

• - cells release histamine
• - dialates blood vessels
• - slows blood flow, allows vessel walls to be more permiable
• - results in warm, redness, and swelling

• - deliberate introduction of specific antibody
• - allows cells in body to learn to kill that type of cell
• - may need boosters later on (tetnis)

Makes own immunity with a vaccines

Another source injected to counter imediate attack (Tetanus)