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what key statesmen were in Europe
adams and jefferson
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The Spirit of Laws
baron de montesquieu, people with power tend to abuse it
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the prince
machiavelli, said we need a government that tells people what to do.
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social contract
jean jacques rousseau, government has certain responsibilities to the people and people have certain responsibilities to the government
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wealth of nations
adam smith (father of capitalism) government should have 3 roles: protect citizens from invasion, protect citizens from eachother, educate the citizens
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two treaties of government
john locke, people have the right to rebel and overthrow the government if it becomes to powerful
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what were the basic economic views of the founding fathers
capitalistic and lassiez faire
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what were the things that delegates agreed upon at the convention; disagreed upon
franklin had to be there, washington in charge, articles not good enough, seperation of power, republican, keep on D.L.; structure of the govt.
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virginia plan
legislature should be picked according to population; bigger states should have more representatives, "big state plan"
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new jersey plan
"small state plan", wanted it to be equal all the way across legislature branch.
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connecticut/great comprimise
- called for bi-cameral (two houses) legislation
- two houses:
- -one picked according to pop. ( House of Rep.) 435, 1 for every 575,000
- -one picked equal (senate) 100, every state has 2
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bi-cameral legislation
2 legislative or parliamentary chambers
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who are the two united states senators
sherrod brown and rob portman
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who is my U.S. representative, district
- steve austria, district 7
- district 3- mike turner
- district 8-john boenher
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3/5's comprimise
count slaves as 3/5 of a person so southern states could have more power
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commerce/slave trade comprimise
20 years there would be a tariff allowing slaves to be imported, but after that 20 years is up slave importation would be banned and the tariff would have to be re-examined
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7 articles with description
- art. 1-legislative-make the laws
- art. 2-executive-enforce the laws
- art. 3-judicial-what does the law say
- art. 4-relations among states
- art. 5-amending the constitution
- art. 6-national supremacy
- art. 7-ratification
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what were the two political parties taht were born during the ratification period?
Anti-federalist-henry, sam adams, john hancock, clinton and federalist-jay, hamilton, franklin, washington
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what was the federalist/federalist papers? who were the authors?
85 letters written by madison, jay, hamilton; defended the constitution
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how can the constitution be changed
through an amendment
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how many times has the constituion been changed
27..27 amendments
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what states fought ratification? who were the most important?
delaware,pennsylvania, new jersey, georgia, connecticut, massachusetts, maryland, south carolina, new hampshire, virginia, new york, north carolina, and rhode island; new york and virginia
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bill of rights
gives us our freedoms and our rights, all passed in 1791; thomas jefferson would not support constitution until these rights were passed
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6 basic priniciples of the constitution
- checks and balances- each branch of the government keeps an eye on the other branches to makesure they dont abuse their powers
- limitied government- government should not intrude on the rights of the individuals and the rights of the states
- popular sovereignty- popular decision, the power is in the citizens
- seperation of powers- the constitution gives certain powers to the president, certain powers to congress, and certain powers to the courts, each are equal.
- federalism- power is shared between each branch of government
- judicial review- power of courts is to decide if what the govt. has done is in accordance with the constitution
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