-
-
Plasma Membrane
- contains receptors for communcation
- forms intercellular connections
- acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents
- regulates material movement into and out of the cell
-
Cytoplasm
What are the 3 components of cytoplasm?
- site of metobolic processes of the cell
- Stores nutrients and dissolved solutes
- Three components:
- - cytosol
- - inclusions
- - organelles
-
Nucleus
- cell's control center
- controls protein synthesis
- directs the functional and structural characteristics of the cell
- controls all genetic information
-
Cytosol
- provides support for organelles
- serves as viscous medium through which diffusion occurs
-
Organelles
carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell
-
inclusions
store materials
-
Nuclear Envelope
pores in envelope regulate exchange of materials with the cytoplasm
-
Nuclear Pores
- openings through the nuclear envelope
- allow for passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
-
Nucleolus
synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus
-
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER)
- interconnected network of membrane tubules and vesicles; no ribosomes
- Synthesizes lipids
- metabolizes carbohydrates
- detoxifies drugs
- alcohol
-
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- synthesizes proteins for secretion
- new proteins for the the plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes
- transports and stores molecules
-
Golgi Apparatus
- modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for lysosomes, secretion, and plasma membrane.
- inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis
-
Lysosomes
- digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell
- removes old/damaged organelles
-
Peroxisomes
- Detoxify harmful substances
- Convert Hydrogren peroxide formed during metabolism to water
- Breaks down fatty acid molecules.
-
Mitochondria
Synethsize most ATP during cellular respiration; "powerhouses of cell"
-
Ribosomes
- Synthesizes protein for:
- 1. use in the cell
- 2. secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane or lysosomes
-
Cytoskeleten
- Provides structural support
- facilitates cytoplasmic streaming
- organelle and cellular motality
-
Microtubules
- support cell
- hold organelles in place
- direct organelle movement within cell and cell motility as cilia and flagella
- move chromosomes at cell division
-
Centrosome
Organizes microtubules during cell division for movement of chromosomes
-
Cilia
Move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface
-
Flagellum
Propels sperm cells in human male
-
Microvilli
Increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion
-
Label this cell (top to bottom, left side first then right)
- 1. Rough ER
- 2. Ribosome
- 3. Smooth ER
- 4. Mitochondria
- 5. Nuclear Pore
- 6. Nucleolus
- 7. Nuclear Membrane
- 8. Golgi Body
- 9. Centriole
- 10. Lysosome
- 11. Cytoplasm
- 12. Plasma Membrane
-
What are Lymphocytes
- Aid in defense.
- Produce Antibodies to target antigens or invading cells
-
What are the three basic regions or components in a cell?
- 1. Plasma (cell) membrane
- 2. Cytoplasm
- 3. Nucleus
-
Types of Membrane Lipids
- 1. Phospholipids
- 2. Cholesterol
- 3. Glycolipids
-
Protein Specific Functions of Plasma Membrane
- Transport
- Intercellular attachment
- Anchorage for the cytoskeleton
- Enzyme activity
- Cell-cell recognition
- Signal transduction
-
What is passive transport?
- Does not require energy
- Materials move from a High to Low concentration.
example: Diffusion
-
What is active transport?
- Requires energy to perform action.
- Materials move against a concentration gradient, going from a low to a high concentration.
-
What is bulk transport?
What is exocytosis?
What is endocytosis?
- Moves large molecules or bulk structures across plasma membrane
- Requires Energy
- Exocytosis - secreted out of the cell, vesicles fuse with plasma membrane.
- Endocytosis - uptake into the cell, materials taken up into cell packaged into vesicles.
-
What is cytosol?
a viscous, syruplike fluid containing many different dissolved substances such as: ions, nutrients, proteins, carbs, and amino acids.
-
What are membrane-bound organelles, and examples?
Surrounded by a membrane
- Examples
- 1. Endoplasmic reticulum
- 2. Golgi Apparatus
- 3. Lysosomes
- 4. Peroxisomes
- 5. Mitochondria
-
What are Non-Membrane-Bound organelles, and examples?
In direct contact with the cytosol, containing no plasma membrane.
- Examples
- 1. Ribosomes
- 2. Cytoskeleton
- 3. Centrosomes and centrioles
- 4. Cilia and Flagells
- 5. Microvilli
-
What happens in Interphase?
- Cell is resting between cell divisions
- Carries out normal activities
-
What happens in G1 phase?
- Cells Grow
- Replicate new organelles
- Produce proteins for replication and centrioles just prior to cell division
-
What happens in S Phase
"Synthesis" phase where DNA replicates in preparation to cell division
-
What happens in G2 phase?
- Centriole replication is complete
- Other organelle production continues
- Enzyme needed for cell division are synthesized.
-
What happens in Prophase?
- Chromatin become supercoiled to form chromosomes
- Duplicate, identical sister chromatids join together, (region is called centromere)
- Spindle fibers begin to grow
- End is marked by the dissolution of nuclear envelope
-
What happens in metaphase?
- Chromosomes line up in the middle
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of sister chromatids
-
What happens in Anaphase?
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart
- Cell starts to show development of dividing
-
What happens in Telophase?
- Chromosomes begin to uncoil
- Mitotic spindle disappears
- Cell divides
-
What is apoptosis?
- Programmed cell death.
- "Cell Suicide"
|
|