S1M2 Intro to Neoplasia

PROCESS of uncontrolled growth caused by the accumulation of cells due proliferation or evasion of apoptosis (so too much growth or too little breakdown)

• It is the actual growth, or mass of tissue caused by too much growth.
• Neoplasm persists in the same excessive manner even after the stimuli that caused the changed is ceased.

• Neoplasms that grow slowly without invasion or metastasis.
• Usally well-circumscribed/ defined with a capsule
• Easily removed with surgery.

• A pre-invasive cell proliferation.
• Cytological features look like malignancy

• A neoplasm that grows rapidly, invades and metastasizes.
• Poorly circumscribed, irregular growth (no capsule)
• Can be treated successfully or can cause death :(

• Invade and metastasize! Don't forget this.
• Malignant cells invade neighoring tissues, blood vessels, and metasize to different sites.

locally and do NOT invade or metastasize.

• 1.)Parenchyma: the actually tumor comprised of clonal neoplastic cells.
• &
• Parenchyma determines the biological behavior.
• 2.) Stroma: the supporting tissue. CT, blood vessels, macrophages, lymphocytes.
• Stoma determings the growth and evolution of the tumor.

Soft and Fleshy!

Think Cancer!

-oma

ex: adenoma, papilloma

-carcinoma

mesoderm that forms CT, blood, bone, muscle (review)

-oma (same as epithelial neoplasm)

-sarcoma*

vs epithelial malignant neoplasm -carcinoma

A benign epithelial tumor of gladular origin**

KNOW this, Dr. A mentioned it several times. Look at the -oma suffix!

A benign epithelial tumor. Papillo indicates it has projections.

A benign tumor of the placental epithelium.

KNOW. Dr. A wasted an entire slide on this

NEVUS (moles) * know this. Dr. A wasted an entire slide on this.

A malignant tumor (cancer) of melanocytes.

A tumor forming glands or orginating from glands.

Adenoma? think GLANDULAR origin!

A tumor of the liver or that originates in the liver (of glandular origin due to the adenoma)

• Cystadenoma -cavity appearance
• Polyp- club like projection or hollow with viscous
• Papilloma- finger like projections

A tumor with finger like projections

Tumor having a cavitary appearance.

It is an adenoma (from glad) with cavities or cysts.

1) Serous Cystadenoma: filled with serous fluid in cavity

2.)Mucinous Cystadenoma: filled with mucinous fluid in cavity

3.) Papillary Cystadenoma: Cystadenoma with papillary or finger like projections protuding into cystic spaces.

Break it down: Serous (filled with serous fluid) cyst(cavity) and adenoma(bening gland tumor)

Polyp: means club-like projection

Sessile polyp: means a club-like projection attached to mucosa without a distinct stalk.

Polyp: means club-like projection

pedunclated or stalked polyp means the adenoma projects into the lumen and is attached to the mucosa by a distinct stalk. (sessile polyp has no distinct stalk)

club-shaped (polyp), arising from glands or forming glands (adenoma)

the COLON

A benign epithelial tumor from the surface lining composed of finger-like projections.

Has finger-like projections from epithelial surfaces with a branching pattern, made of squamous, transitional or ductal epithelium.

*remember the bladder is made of transitional epithelium.

A benign tumor of fibrous tissue of mesenchymal origin.

A malignant tumor of fibrous tissue of mesenchymal origin.

A LIPOMA.

LIPO-SARCOMA (malignant)

"Think of Liposuction. LIPO=FAT)"

Rhabdomyoma

• Rhabdomy-sarcoma

Leiomyoma

Don't forget this! Dr. A wasted an entire slide on it!

Leiomyoma

Occurs in the Uterus.

• 

a LEIOMYOSARCOMA

• has no boundaries, it's bigger than a leiomyoma and it looks like it is infiltrating.
• 

benign endothelial tumor (blood vessels)

malignant blood vessel tumor

• -Malignant tumor of the mesothelial lining of the pleural cavity (possibly from asbestos exposure)
• -Pt. presents with progressive dyspnea for several years
• Tumor is thick.

malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin

A malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Tumor cells spread to peripheral blood.

A malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue--presents as a discrete tissue mass (like englarged lymph nodes)

A benign tumor of the meninges.

malignant tumor of brain coverings

• Sarcomas remember are of mesenchymal origin (blood, bones, muscles, CT)
• They are less common than carcinomas
• Their prognosis is poor (carcinomas better)
• Usually presents distant metasis earlier than carcinomas

Glandular malignant tumor (epithelial origin)

*glandular pattern!

Malignant epithelial tumor (produces recognizable squamous cells from the epithelium!)

Malignant Epithelial tumor originating from epithelium in the urinary system

malignant epithelial tumor orginating from basal cells of skin

malignant epithelial tumor of placental origin

• -Melanoma
• -Lymphoma
• -Seminoma (testis)
• -Hepatoma
• -Astrocytoma (brain, astrocytes)

• Granuloma
• Hematoma
• Hamartoma
• Choristoma

• MALIGNANT (BAD) testicular tumor
• named with -oma but actually a malignant tumor
• Origin: germ cells in testicular epithelium
• MOST COMMON: malignant testicular tumor.

OUCH. low blow!

named -oma but actually is a malignant tumor originating from melanocyte (epithelial origin)

VERY MALIGNANT

• 1.) Mixed Tumor (single germ layer)
• 2.)Teratoma (multiple germ layers)

Derived from the same germ cell origin---under a microscope they have 2 morphological patterns KNOW****

• Benign mixed tomor of salivary gland origin

• It is composed of MORE THAN ONE PARENCHYMAL CELL TYPE & DERIVED FROM MORE THAN ONE GERM CELL LAYER
• It is a tumor of the ovary or testes and is the most common germ cell tumor (has HAIR and TEETH IN IT)

Found in ovary or testes, commonly has teeth and bones in it (visible on x ray) (sometimes hair too)

A benign tumor of the totipotent cells (in gonads)

A malignant tumor of totipotent cells (in gonads)

• Dermoid Cyst of ovary or testes
• Most common germ cell tumor
• Commonly have teeth and bone in them

• Ectopic rest of normal tissue---
• Basically normal tissue in a foreign location
• ex: adrenal cells under the kidney capsule or pancreatic tissue in mucosa of small intestine

A non-neoplastic tumor-like lesion with disorganized haphazard growth of tissues normally found at a given site.

• Ex: Pulmonary hamartoma (jumbled cartilage, bronchial epithelium and connective tissues)
• Hyperplastic Polyp