MBIO lecture 18

• humans do not have funtiona line dna
• contains an open reading frame
• 1st reading fram is the rna binding frame
• 2nd is for reverse trans criptase, and endo nuclease activity

• makes a nick in the poly t region
• this is where the rna forms complementary binding

• messenger RNA contains complete hybrid dna and rna thus completing reverse transcriptase
• rena degrades and second strand synthesis occurs
• dna joining and repair then occurs

• is a bacterial transposon
• has open reading frames that can confer upon a bacteria tetrocylcin resistance
• allows advantage over competition against yeast (improved resistance is a major favoring trait)
• IS10 left: encodes a defective transposes gene as at some point the region was mutated
• IS10 right: does encode a transposase gene but it is not enough and needs to take transposase from else where (transposase acts to make form the hair pin loop which allows integration into the target site for dna (rips out of one place and puts it into another)
• ataunomous is a functional section
• non autonomous is
• promoter in encodes transposase gene
• promoter out encodes nonsense but overlaps with p in

over lap can form a antisense rna which will bind to the antisense region of gene essentially blocking production of transposasethis is good because you dont want too many copies of your self because of integration in to another organism without killing the host you integrated into

• duplication of transposon , selectivley triggered for cut and paste, thus making 2 pairs of transposon
• both rna pol and transposase bind more tightly to the hemi methylated nda
• tn10 transposition is coupled to dna replication
• phag Mu- is and extremly robust transposon- during the lytic cycle Mu completes 100 rounds of transposition
• 35kb genome encodes 2 genes
• Mu A is a DDE trnasposase
• Mu B delectes the insetrion sit on the target dna (brings it into close proximity of initial strand)

• in yeasts there are ty elements
• they dont form viral particals (but look like viral particals that have lost their infectious ability and so reside only in the yeast and survive off of them)
• integrations sites are in high copy number just before somthing this helps intergration into host with out killing or changing them)

• acount for up to 50% of the genome
• have 2
• lines fully autonomouse (invaded genome
• sines dont really encode anything important (|like a parasite as tehy rely on line to provide all essential parts co invade with LINES)

• immunes system adopted
• light chain encode variable and constant regions
• heavy chains encode variable constatnt and skfh
• the variable site of an antigen is the binding site
• can have cross recognition to other counter part antibodies (different species of mosquitos) ( used to one thing then try new type of that thing thus causeing constant allergy to all types of that antibody)

• germ line dna encode all the anti bodies you would ever need and are arranged in arrays
• and array then joinging region then constant region