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A-alpha nerves (Diameter, Conduction, Function)
12-20um, 72-120m/s, Sensory Muscle, Motor Extrafusal muscle
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A-Beta (Diameter, Conduction, Function)
6-12um, 36-72m/s, Sensory (pain, mechano) from skin
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A-Gamma (Diameter, Conduction, Function)
3-6um, 18-36m/s, Motor for Intrafusal m.
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A-Delta (Diameter, Conduction, Function)
1-3um, 0.2-2m/s, Sensory (pain + temp)
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Vm of Photoreceptor
-40mV
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Membrane Conductance for an Ion (gx)
- gx = Conductance (Gamma) x Nx
- N = number of X Channels
- Measured in Seimans (usually picoS)
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Nerst Equation
Ex=(61.54/2) x log ([x]o/[x]i)
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Membrane Resting Potential
Sum of all conductance (gk/gm)xEk...
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Local Graded potential spreading with Decrement
Vm = Vo exp (-x/Lambda)
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Rods convert Photons to Receptor Potential
Photon ~ Rhodopsin ~ Transducin (G-protein) ~ Adenylate Cyclase ~ cAMP ~ Close Na+ Ch ~ Hyperpolarization
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Olfactory Neuron Activation
- Odorant binds Odorant-R ~ G-protein ~ Adenylate Cyclase ~ cAMP ~ Open Na+/Ca++ Ch ~ Depolarization
- Cl- is strangely high (80mM) Therefore ECl- = -15mV and Cl- will leave helping depolarization
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Tetrodotoxin/Saxotoxin MOA
Block Na+ Channel at Extracellular Site
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Lidocaine/Procaine (MOA and Nerve Order)
- Cross membrane and block Na+ Channel Intracellularly
- First - Small Myelinated A-delta
- Second - Myelinated C Fibers
- Third - Large Myelinated
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