Pathology-endocrine

What is situated on top of the kidney and secretes hormones?

What controls kidney excretion of potassium and sodium retention by regulating the salt and water balance?

Glucocorticoids regulate what?

Androgens (sex hormones) do what?

The adrenal medulla secretes:

Hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by what?

hypothalamus

The pituitary gland sits where?

Growth Hormone does what?

Oxytocin is secreted by the:

Oxytocin causes contractions of what?

Thyroxine does what?

What is a butterfly-shaped gland consisting of two lobes?

Which glands are responsible for controlling blood calcium & phosphate levels?

What common endocrine disorder is it when beta cells in the islets of langerhans fail to secrete insulin?

Nontumorous hyperfunction is the most often the cause of what?

Elevated levels of androgens cause accelerated skeletal maturation along with premature epiphyseal fusion in which syndrome?

Pheochromocytomas ca be diagnosed how?

About 50% of __________ have calcifications (which distinguish them from Wilm's tumor)

Gigantism and Acromegaly are examples of what?

What causes profound generalized disturbances in bone growth and maturation?

Severe polyuria leads to massive dilation of renal pelves, calyces and ureters in what disease?

Modality of choice to determine function of thyroid for palpable and nonpalpable nodules is:

A solid mass with a consistent echogenicity. often demonstrating a thick smooth periphery of a capsule is a what?

Three Types of Thyroid Carcinoma's

Three categories of hyperparathyroidism:

CT is modality of choice for ______ because of the radiographic changes produced in multiple systems

In cases of _________ the role of imaging is to demonstrate the location of the ademoma (which is difficult to detect during surgery)

Excessive administration of steriods is the most common cause of:

adrenal carcniomas are best demonstrated on:

Arterial injections of iodinated contrast agents cause a sharp elevation in blood pressure for patients with:

Thickened bones of the skull, enlarged paranasal sinuses, and lengthened mandible are all suggestive of:

The gland that controls the level of secretion of gonadal and thyroid hormones and the production of GH is What?

MRI is the modality of choice to demonstrate a pituitary tumor because of the:

Uniform radioactivity throughout the thyroid that demonstrates diffuse enlargement is suggestive of:

In severe cases of Graves' disease the patient may have

An enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not inflammatory or neoplastic is called?

The most common type of thyroid carcinoma is

Spreading to regional lymph nodes, _______ is slow growing and cystic.

The thyroid carcinoma that closely mimics normal thyroid tissue is the __________.

Common manifestations of diabetes mellitus are

butterfly-shaped located in neck

What controls sodium retention and potassium secretion?

What are the 4 tiny glands on the superior and inferior posterior aspects of teh thyroid gland

What increases the rate of absorption of water and electrolytes by renal tubules?

What is the natural iodine-containing substance that stimulates cellular metabolism?

What produces these 2 hormones- vasopressin and oxytocin?

What promotes growth and development of all parts of the body?

What does glucocorticoid do?

Luteinizing hormone does what?

parathormone is responsible for

Anterior lobe of pituitary secretes what?

androgens are what?

what stimulates heart activity and raises blood pressure?

What is the master gland which is controlled by the hypothalamus?

The hormone regulating carbohydrate metabolism are

Generalized enlargement of teh adrenal glands is best demonstrated by

An abnormal loss of potassium in the urine can be used by an

The adrenal gland producing excessive androgenic active hormones cause

The most common cause of hypoadrenalism is

Lymphatic and hepatic metastasis is common when ________ presents clincally because of rapid growth (usualy necrotic).

The most common carcinomas to metastasize to the adrenal gland are

The tumor that produces an extensive amount of vasopressor substances is a

Calcifications in a _____________ have a fine granular or stippled appearance.

The modality of choice to diagnose a neuroblastoma is

The posterior lobe of hte pituitary gland produces

Hyperpituitarism after bone growth stops causes

Radiographers need to be cautious of complications of Cushing's syndrome, such as

Which two hormones are known as fight or flight

The modality that demonstrates function of the thyroid gland the best is

Graves' disease results from an excessive production of thyroid hormone known as

Cretinism, which usually results in short stature, is considered the result of an abnormality of an insuffiicent synthesis of thyroid hormone known as

Thyroid adenomas appear "hot" or "cold" on NM scans depending on their:

The thyroid carcinoma peaking in young adulthood and again in the 3rd and 5th decades and that is slow growing is....

Diabetes Mellitus is a result of the

Sustained muscular contraction due to a lack of parathormone is

The parathyroid disease process often attributed to chronic renal failure is

On ultrasound, these tumors generally appear as solid hypoechoic masses and may contain microcalcifications; they are

What organ in the body is responsible for the release of insulin?

What organ in the body is responsible for the release of glucagon?

The _________ glands secrete several types of steroid hormones and lie above each kidney.

What hormone has the ability to constrict some blood vessels while dilating others to shunt blood to activate muscles where oxgen and nutrients are needed?

Enlargement of the adrenal glands is best demonstrated by what diagnostic modality?

What pathologic condition is characterized by obesity of the trunk of the body, a fat pad behind the shoulders, and a moon-shaped face?

One complication of Cushing's syndrome that radiographers must be cautious of is ________.

Excessive administration of ________ is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency.

The second most common malignancy in children is:

The ________ controls the hormone secretion of the pituitary gland.

Enlargement of the hands, feet, and face is characteristic of what pathologic reaction?

A pea-size gland suspended from the base of the brain, sometimes referred to as the master gland, is called the ___________.

What is the name for the butterfly-shaped gland located at the level of the larynx?

Thyroid tissue is best demonstrated by what imaging modality?

Insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormone can lead to what pathologic condition?

What is the name for an enlargement of the thyroid gland that does not result from an inflammatory or neoplastic process?

There is a significantly increased risk of thyroid cancer in people who receive _________.

If beta cells in the islets of Langerhans fail to secrete insulin, what pathologic condition results?

A diabetic patient who receives insulin before reporting to the radiology department for a UGI should be monitored by the radiographer for any signs of developing ______________.

The most common complication and leading cause of death in diabetic patients is __________.