-
Energy for the body
- Building blocks of the body
- needed for function
-
Alcohol (grams)
7 calories
-
Protien (grams)
4 calories per gram
-
fat (grams)
9 Calories per gram
-
Carbs (grams)
4 calories per gram
-
-
Glycogen
Short term storage of fat
-
Adipose
Long term storage of fat
-
-
Calorie needs vary by:
- Body mass
- age
- sex
- activity level
-
Undernourishment
not enough food for the body (body feeds on its self)
-
Overnourishment
Ganing weight
-
Malnurishment
Not enough nutrients
-
Building blocks of body
- amino acids
- simple sugars
- fatty acid
- nucleic acids
-
essential nutrients
components the liver cannot synthesize
-
Linoleic (phospholipid)
Cannot be made in the body
-
Vitamins
- Cannot be synthesized
- work as coenzymes
-
RDA
Reccomended Daily Allowance
-
Fat soluble vatamins
can be stored in fat
-
-
Vitamin D (benefits)
Calcium and Phosphorus uptake (bones)
-
Vitamin E (benifit)
Antioxident
-
Vatimin K (bennefit)
Blood Clotting, Ca uptake
-
Water souluble vitamins
- Less likely to over dose
- (vitamin C)
-
Vitamin A deficiency
Blindness
-
Vitamin D defficiency
Rickets
-
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
-
B1 (thiamine) Disorders
- Beriberi
- Janapnese ship crews only ate white rice
-
B12, B3, B9 disorders
- Anemia
- Pellegra- diarrea, dermatitis, dementia, death
- Anemia
-
-
Essential Minerals
- Calcium
- Iron
- Sulfur
- Phosphorus
- Flourine
- Iodine
-
4 ways to feed
- Suspension
- Fluid
- Deposit
- Bulk
-
Gastrovascular Cavity
Extracellular and intracellular
-
Intracellular feeding
- Done by diffusion
- (sponges)
-
Alimentary cannal
Tube within a tube
-
Intracellular
Individual cells absorb and break down nutrients to function
-
Protien digestion
Stomache
-
Peristalisis
muscle contraction of the esophagus
-
Sphincter
Control speed and direction of food
-
-
Amalyse
- Breaks down startch
- Buffers to regulate ph
- Anti-microbial
-
-
-
-
Pepsin
Breaks down protien
-
Cheif Cells
create pepsinogen
-
Pepsinogen
- inactive pepsin
- Activated by HCl
-
Cause of Ulcers
Bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)
-
Nuetralizes stomache acid
Bicarbonate
-
Molecueles digested in the small intestine
- Protiens
- lipids
- carohydrates
-
Proteases
Finish the break down of amino acids
-
HCl (affect on protien)
Denatures
-
Pepsin (affect on protien)
Cleaves peptides from protien
-
Pacreatic Proteases (affect on protiens)
Cleave amino acids from peptides
-
Trypsinogen
inactive trypsin
-
Hormone Secretin
causes salvation
-
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Source: Duodenum
- Effect: Gall bladder releases bile
-
Enterogastrone
- Source: Duodenum
- Effect: Inhibits peristalis
-
Gastrin
- Source: Stomache
- Effect: release of HCl and Pepsinogen
-
Pancreatic Amalyse (carb breakdown)
Breaks down into monsacharides
-
Caecum
Connects large and small intestine
-
Colon (funcations)
- water reabsorbation
- Salt excreation
- Feces
-
Grehlin (stomache)
Stimulates appitite
-
leptin
stimulates appetite
-
Fructose
- most lipogenic sugar
- doesn't stimulate insulin production
-
Diabetes Mellitus (I)
can't synthesize insulin
-
Diabetes Mellitus II
defective insulin receptors
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