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Morphological processes
complex words and meanings are not stored in a mental dictionary, but as parts assembled together to create complex meanings through hierarchical structure
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Stem changing morphology
- stem changes with or without an affix
- break - broke - broken
- tell - told - told
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Templatic patterns
- pattern of consonents filled with vowels to change meaning
- ktb to katab (he wrote) katib (writer) kitaab (book) kutub (books)
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Reduplication
- doubling a morpheme or part of it to make a new word
- rumah (house) to rumahrumah (houses)
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Open lexical categories
Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
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Closed lexical categories
determiners, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, pronouns and conjunctions
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Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.
Has no meaning, but makes some sense because it is grammatical.
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Recursion
- a defining feature of human language
- Nation-
- -al makes it an adjectiv
- -ize makes it a verb
- -ation makes it a noun again
- Sentences - phrases can be added on.. this is the cat that
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Structure independent vs dependent rule
- independent - move the first auxiliary verb to fron of sentence
- dependent - identify subject and agreeing auxiliary, move auxiliary to front of sentence
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Language acquisition dependent
children automatically picked up on dependent rule, intuitively know what auxiliary verb to move
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Syntactic constituents
- NPs, VPs, PPs, etc
- can stand alone
- be replaced by a pronoun
- move as a unit
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