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Social Process Theory
TWO branches of social process theory
Learning Theory
Control theory
Not concerned with structure…looks at fluid concept of socialization
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Socialization:
Personality and behavior is formed by social relationships
Effect of interaction with others shapes our beliefs, values, looks around the world
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Importance of family:
family is the most important component of socialization. Its where we first learn
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Social Learning Theory:
Part of Social process theory
Criminal delinquency is learned…interaction with others and taught to be bad. (People are born good but through socialization become bad)
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Control Theory:
Part of Social process theory
People are born bad and learn through socialization to become good.
Socialization created law abiding citizens
Theory is focuses on “the bond” (Don’t confuse with social disorganization theory)
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Differential Association
Criminality learned through social interaction. Learn technique, motivation; justifications, attitude, beliefs
Intimate relationships have the most impact (family)
Edward realized everyone I exposed to different socialization
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Favorable Definition:
Attitudes in socialization that allows someone to become law abiding citizens
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Unfavorable Definitions and its critisism
- Attitudes in socialization that allows someone to perform criminal behavior
- Criminality is created when unfavorable definition exceed in number or intensity favorable definition in their socialization (Sutherland)
Criticism: doesn’t explain where negative influence comes from
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Deferential Reinforcement
Restatement of differential associationWe learn from post negative reinforce Crime is a rational choice based on what we have learned through socialization as good or bad
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Neutralization Theory
Beliefs that limit a person and cause criminality
The key element of socialization that leads to criminality is rationalization that a person learns
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Neutralization technique:
A rationalization that neutralized laws and morals to facilitate crime
FOUR Neutralization techniques
Denial of responsibility
Denial of injury (minimize the severity of the crime)
Denial of the victim (Blame/ marginalizing the victim making them unimportant
Condemnation of condemned: putting responsibility of your action on someone else
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Travis Hershey:
developed newer control theory (the one we currently use)
Had experiments where he asked kids if they had friends
- Kids who reported that they are friends had less crimes
- “ “ “ No friends have more crime (detached loners)
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Elements of social bond (Hershey)
Attachment (most important)
Commitment (energy directed to an activity
Involvement: amount of time spent of conventional act
Belief: the amount one subscribes to belief of society
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Attachment
The ability to invest energy into someone or something learned from parents: Parents are the role models of attachment and authorityEsteem and attachment are connected
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Social Structure theory (solutions)
Job training, job programs, affirmative action programsRevive environment
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Social Process (solution)
Improve socialization…community recreation events parenting class, extracurricular activities
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Social Reaction Theory:
Not concreted with committing crime for the first time
Only concerned with societies reaction
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Labeling Theory and solution
Person commits a crime and society “labels” you (criminal thief, rapist, etc.)
It’s the level that forms persons identity and that increased persons will to commit more crime
- Can be fixed by avoiding labels
- ARD program: Accelerated rehabilitation disposition
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