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Endobronchial:
tumor (usu sq cell > small cell, carcinoid), mets, TB, hamartoma, papilloma, hemangioma, foreign body, mucus plug, trauma, broncholith
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Bronchiectasis:
postinfectious (most common), bronchial obstruction (neoplasm, FB), congenital (CF, Kartageners);
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Bronchiectasis: upper lobe �
CF, TB, radiation, ABPA
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Mucoid (bronchial) impaction:
CF, asthma, ABPA, congenital bronchial atresia
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Tracheal lumen: increased �
tracheobronchomegaly, pulmonary fibrosis, tracheomalacia;
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Tracheal lumen: decreased �
saber-sheath (COPD), tracheomalacia, relapsing polychondritis, sarcoid, amyloid, Wegener's, TB and fungal stenosis, tracheopathia osteochondroplastica
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Scarring:
prior TB, prior pneumonia, prior PE, prior trauma, prior surgery, radiation, fibrosis
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Calcification:
granuloma (TB, fungus), hamartoma, lung CA, vascular, pleural (asbestos exposure, prior pyothorax or hemothorax), sarcoid, silicosis, varicella, mitral stenosis, mets (bone tumor, mucinous tumors, post-chemotherapy), alveolar microlithiasis, parasites
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Air fluid level:
lung (abscess, tumor, cyst), mediastinum (esophageal lesion, bronchogenic cyst), pleural (hydroPTX, hemoPTX, pyoPTX), hiatal hernia, achalasia
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