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Cognitive dissonance
The mental discomfort you feel when there is a discrepancy between what you already believe and some new information that does not go along with your view.
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Personal value system
Developed over a lifetime that has been extensively shaped by our family, our religious beliefs, and our years of life experiences.
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Values
A set of personal beliefs derived from life experiences, interwoven with each other.
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Values acquisition
The conscious assumption of a new value
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Five core values of professional nursing
- Human dignity
- Integrity
- Autonomy
- Altruism
- Social justice
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Utilitarian model
Goal-based model that says that the "rightness or wrongness" of an action is always a function of its consequences.
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Deontological model
A duty-based model that is person-centered. It incorporates Immanuel Kant's deontological philosophy, which holds that the "rightness" of an action is determined by other factors in addition to its outcome.
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Human rights-based model
Based on the belief that each client has basic rights.
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Autonomy
The client's right to self-determination
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Beneficence
Implies that a decision results in the greatest good or produces the least harm to the client.
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Justice
Being fair or impartial
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Values clarification
A technique that can help you identify and prioritize your values.
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Moral uncertainty
Occurs when a nurse is uncertain as to which moral rules (i.e. values, beliefs, or ethical principles) apply to a given situation.
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Ethical or moral dilemmas
Arise when two or more moral issues are in conflict.
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Moral distress
Results when the nurse knows what is "right" but is bound to do otherwise because of legal or institutional constraints.
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