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What is the name of the ankle joint? The ankle is what type of joint and articulates with what?
- It is a hinge type of joint, which articulates with the tibia and fibula (creates a square socket)
- Called the Malleolar mortise
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What are the 3 lateral ankle ligaments?
- Anterior talofibular
- Posterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
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Ankle sprains are caused by what?
Forceful inversion, affects the 3 lateral ankle ligaments
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Medial ligaments of the ankle?
- Tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
- Anterior tibiotalar
- Posterior tibiotalar
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Clinical: What is a "Potts fracture"?
A dislocation of the ankle caused by forcible eversion of the foot ( THINK FORCEFUL EVERSION)
- -avulsion of the medial malleolus
- -avulsion of the lateral malleolus
- OR
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fracture of the fibula above the inferior syndesmosis - -rupture of the anterior tibiofibular lig.
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Dorsiflexion of the ankle is provided by what?
- the anterior compartment muscules of your leg!!
- ( Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallcius longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius)
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Plantarflexion of the ankle is provided by what?
the posterior compartment leg muscles (GASTROC, SOLEUS, FLEX DIG LONGUS, FLEX HALLUCIS LONGUS)
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What runs behind the medial malleolus?
- "Tom, Dick and Nervous Harry"
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Posterior Tibial Artery
- Tibial Nerve
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
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Blood supply to your ankle?
- Branches from Fibular and Ant/Post Tibial Arteries
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Innervation of your ankle?
Tibial and Deep Fibular Nerves
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What are the two arches of your foot?
Longutidinal Arch and Traverse Arch
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What is the function of your arches?
to distribute weight over pedal platform, act as shock springboards! and adapt to changes in surface contour
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Your arches of your foot are made of what?
Ligaments, Muscle Tendons, and Bones.
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Longitudinal arch of your foot consists of what?
- You have a medial and lateral longitudinal arch
- A medial arch
(higher, **more important!!!) - -Medial arch consists of calcaneus, talus** (most impt in longitudinal arch) 3 cuneiforms, medial 3 metatarsals
- Lateral arch (flatter)
- -consists of calcaneus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals (lateral 2 digits)
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What is your traverse arch?
- Consists of cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsal
- Maintained by passive and active factors
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What are the passive factors of the arches of your foot?
- Think SHAPE of BONES + LIGAMENTS
- Shape of bones
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Long plantar ligament
- Plantar calcneocuboid ligament
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
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What are the DYNAMIC factors of your arches of your foot?
- THINK intrinsic MUSCLES of FOOT +TENDONS inserting into foot
- Intrinsic muscles of the foot
- Tendons inserting onto foot: flexor hallucis longus & flexor digitorum longus (longitudinal arch)
- fibularis longus & tibialis posterior (Transverse Arch)
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What the hell is Pes Planus?
- = FLAT FEET
- Normal in youn children (under 3)
- Two Types:
- 1.)Flexible: lack of medial arch (more common)
- Medial arch bears more wt. flat arch. appears normal when not-weight bearing....so if you were sitting your arch looks normal
- 2.) Rigid: Flat feet all the time, whether weight bearing or non-weight bearing)
- -Aquired, Talus can be displaced inferomedially---more prominent talus
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Clinical: What is Clubfoot?
- Congenital condition, bilateral 50% of the cases, more common in boys
- Involves the Subtalar JointAnkle is plantarflexed, foot is inverted, forfoot is turned towards the midline (adducted)
- Painful to walk
- Rx: surgical clipping of calcaneal tendon = tenotomy or rehab with casts or braces (mia hamm and troy aikman had this)
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