-
What nutrient does the body need the most of each day
water
-
is water a macro or micronutrient
macro
-
Water Comprises ?% of total body weight
45-75 (average of 60%)
-
Fluid located outside the cells
1/3 of body water
Circulation (blood and lymph)
Fluid between cells or tissues(interstitial fluid)
Extracellular fluid
-
Fluid located within the cells
Remains fairly constant 2/3 of body water
Intracellular fluid
-
water is absorbed directly from the ? into the circulating blood
small intestine
-
water is produced during the ? of
macronutrients
catabolism
-
water is stored primarily in the ? spaces
extracellular
-
does a high salt meal lead to water retention?
yes
-
For every ounce of glycogen,
you store ? of water
3 ounces
-
-
-
Fluid input (3)
- Beverages
- Foods
- Metabolism
-
Fluid output
- Kidneys
- Skin
- Lungs
- Feces (GI tract)
-
Types of electrolytes most plentiful in the body
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Chloride (Cl-)
-
Bulimia can lead to an imbalance in?
electrolytes
-
What disperses electrolytes
Water
-
Electrolytes are compounds such as
-
Electrolyte functions (3)
- Facilitate chemical reactions
- Control osmotic pressure
- Maintain acid/base balance
-
Normal blood pH
7.35-7.45
-
If blood pH drops to 7.2 we have
acidosis
-
If blood pH drops to 7.0
death
-
What causes...
› decrease the body's ability to absorb
minerals and other nutrients
› decrease the energy production in cells
› decrease ability to repair damaged cells
› decrease ability to detoxify heavy metals
› make tumor cells thrive
› make more susceptible to fatigue and illness
An acidic balance
-
-
The most indepsensable nutrient
water
-
If blood is too concentrated, how does the body compensate?
- water is pulled from the salivary glands
- Hypothalmus sends signals to the pituitary to release a hormon for the kidneys to concerve water
-
Conditions that increase the need for water consumption
- Alcohol consumption
- Cold weather
- Dietary fiber
- Diseases that disturb water balance
- (diabetes, kidney disease)
- Heated environments
- High altitude
- Hot weather, high humidity
- Ketosis
- Medications (diuretics)
- Physical activity
- Increased protein, salt or sugar intakes Pregnancy and breast feeding
- Prolonged diarrhea, vomiting, fever
- Surgery, blood loss, burns
- Very young or old age
-
Average Daily Requirement of water
- Sedentary women: 9 cups/day
- (2200 mL)
- Sedentary men: 12 cups/day
- (2900 mL)
- Infants and children: 1.5
- mL/kcal
-
-
Occurs with intense exercise or severe vomiting and/or diarrhea
Acute dehyration
-
1% or greater loss of body weight through fluid loss
Mild dhyration
-
Depressed thirst recognition, long-term poor fluid consumption, excess use of diuretics
Chronic dehyration
-
• 10% loss of body water
• Serious health risk, especially in children, elderly, and the
medically compromised
• 20% loss of body water is fatal
Severe dehyration
-
Early signs of dehyration
- Appetite loss,
- headache,
- fatigue,
- flushed skin,
- light-headedness,
- dry mouth and eyes,
- dark concentrated urine with strong odor
-
Advanced signs of dehyration
- Numbness,
- muscle spasms,
- swallowing difficulty,
- vision difficulties,
- delirium
-
the condition characterized by
excessive fluid retention
Edema
-
Healthy human kidneys can remove ???per hour
1.5L (6 cups) of water
-
Water toximia/ hyperhyration can lead to
hyponatrimia
-
Recommendations
Ordinary exercise (walking)
- • 8 oz (1 cup) before exercise
- • 4 more oz every 20 mins
- • 8 oz (1 cup) 30 mins after exercise
-
Pregnant women need
at least ? of extra
water per day
Breastfeeding mothers
need an additional ? of water per day
-
caffeine is a natural substance found in more than how many plants?
60
-
how much coffee can you have in a day?
3 cups...300mg
-
Alcohol is a major contributor to
- elevated blood pressure
- cirrhosis of the liver
- fetal alcohol syndrome
|
|
