BPS Chapter 12

the first part of a speech, in which the speaker establishes the speech purpose and its relevance to the audience, and previews the topic and the main points

the part of the speech in which the speaker develops the main points intended to fulfill the speech's purpose

the part of the speech in which the speaker reterates the spech theme, summarizes main points, and leaves the audience with something about which to think or act

statements that express the key ideas and major themes of a speech. Their function is to make claims in support of the thesis statement

the statement of equivalent speech points in similar grammatical form and style

information (examples, narratives, testimony and facts and statistics) that clarifies, elaborates, and verifies the speaker's assertions

in an outline, the plotting of speech points to indicate their weight relative to one another; subordinate points are placed underneath and to the right of higher order points

an outline format in which main points are enumerated with roman numerals (I, II, III); supporting points with capital letters (A, B, C); third-level points with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3); and fourth-level points with lowercase letters (a, b, c)

the logical placement of ideas (in an outline, essay, or speech) relative to their importance to one another. Ideas that are coordinate are given equal weight. An idea that is subordinate to another is given relatively less weight.

ideas that are given the same weight in an outline and are aligned with one another; thus Main Point II is coordinate with Main Point I

ideas that are given relatively less weight. In an outline, they are indicated by their indention below the more important points

words, phrases, or sentences that tie speech ideas together and enable a speaker to move smoothly from one point to the next

a signal to listeners, in the form of a declarative sentence, that the speaker is turning to another topic

conjunctions or phrases (such as "next," "in the first case," etc.) that indicate transitions between supporting points

a type of transition in which the speaker restates the point just covered and previews the point to be covered next

a question that does not invite actual responses, but is used to make the audience or the listener think

that tell the audience what to expect next

statement included in the introduction of a speech in which the speaker identifies the main speech points

an extended transition that alerts audience members to ensuing speech content

an extended transition that draws together important ideas before proceeding to another speech point