Personality

• olfactory bulb
• cortex
• thalamus (dorsal)
• hypothalamus (ventral)
• tectum (dorsal)
• tegmentum (ventral)
• cerebellum (dorsal)
• pons (ventral)
• spinal cord

crossover of projection fibers

right hemisphere control left side of body

• 1. control of the autonomic nervous system
• 2. control of emotional responses
• 3. regulation of body temp
• 4. regulation of hunger and thirst
• 5. control of behavior
• 6. regulation of sleep wake cycles
• 7. control of endrocrine system
• 8. formation of memory

• Sympathetic- prepares body for arousal
• ex: increased breathing, increased heart rate
• axons release norepinephrine
• -fight or flight

• Parasympthetic- facilitates vegetative nonemergency responses by the body's organs
• ex:inrease digestive activty, activities opposing the sympathetic nervous system
• -consists of cranial nerves and nerves from scral spinal cord
• -relaxation and rest

• coined by Freud to describe the mechanism by which unresolved, unconscious conflict might be transformed into symbolic physical symptoms
• -body is playing out the dramas of the mind

• conscious- current awareness
• preconcious- not aware of material but its retrievable
• unconscious- not aware of material and not retrievable

• nothing happens by chance or accident
• everything we do think say and feel is an expression of our mind

Sublimation: redirecting 'wrong' urges into socially acceptable actions.

Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the subconscious.

Denial: Blindness to uncomfortable facts; clinging to false beliefs to avoid fear/shame/arousal.

Displacement: redirecting emotions to a substitute target.

Intellectualization: taking an overly rationalistic viewpoint to deny/avoid emotions.

Projection: attributing one’s own unconscious uncomfortable feelings to others.

Rationalization: creating false but credible justifications to avoid guilt/shame.

Reaction Formation: overacting in the opposite way to an emotion in order to control it.

Regression: reverting to prior developmental states.

the Id: the monster of rage, lust, hunger

the World: a dangerous place and a source of conflict

The superego: the demanding quest for perfection

determinants of mental health and psychopathology

• -Ego identity (psychology)
• -group (social)
• - Organism (biology)

• Psychological - Intrapsychic (mind):
• -components, development, and attributes of personality

• Social- Relationships (interpersonal)
• - mother and father
• -siblings and extended family
• -peers
• -community
• -humanity

• There is a natural, predetermined order to development
• -personality growth follows a sequence of inner predetermined laws
• -each person develops through a sequence of interrelated stages that emerge in accordanec with this preset plan

each stage a person is confronted with a crisis that must be resolved

• 1 Trust vs. Mistrust
• 2. Autonomy vs. Shame
• 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
• 4. Industry vs. Inferiority
• 5. Identity vs. Role confusion (diffusion)
• 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
• 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
• 8. Integrity vs. Despair

• -inflexible, maladaptive patterns of personality
• -often begins early in life
• -results in social, occupational problems or distress

• Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
• Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
• Cluster C: avoidant, obsessive- compulsive, depended
• Impulse Control Disorders

Genetics, birth trauma, sensation-seeking, family dynamics, modeling and media

*the Primary Process

• -illogical
• -wish fullfillment and drive satisfaction
• -no ethical system other than pleasure seeking
• - parameters like time don't exhist

• -fixation
• -regression
• -repetition/compulsion
• -earlier lesions are worse than later ones
• - ego defense mechanisms
• -for some nurture is more important than nature

a pleasure seeking energy

only sexual when it became genital at the conclusion of childhood