-
abdominal assessment order
- 1. inspection
- 2. auscultation
- 3. percussion
- 4. palpation
-
high pitched loud rushing sound heard with or without a stethoscope
borborygmi
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which quadrant does auscultation in the abdomen begin?
right lower quadrant
-
which pulse is BP palpated?
radial
-
exam positions used to examine the rectum:
Sims, Knee chest, and Lithotomy
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who can be accused of malpractice?
professionals
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_____ emphasizes the clients right to self determination
advance directives
-
the digestive system is also known as the:
gastrointestinal system or alimentary system
-
what is the function of the digestive system
to break down complex food into simple nutrients that the body can absorb and turn into energy
-
where does digestion begin?
the mouth
-
small ball of food is known as
bolus
-
hollow muscular tube that is about 10 inches long
esophagus
-
A coordinated rythmic contraction of the muscles that pushes the bolus through the esophagus
peristalsis
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_____ is also known as the cardiac sphincter that relaxes adn allows food to pass into the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
-
a j-shaped muscular organ located beneath the diaphragm
stomach
-
two gastric juices that are secreted by the stomach
- hydrocholoric acid
- pepsinogen
-
-
what is the average time it takes for the stomach to empty?
3 to 4 hours
-
what is the easiest thing for the stomach to digest?
carbohydrates
-
what is the hardest thing for the stomach to digest
fats
-
three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
-
part of the small intestine that is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the chyme
duodenum
-
part of the small intestine that is responsible for absorbing fat, protein adn carbohydrates
jejunum
-
part of the small intestines that is responsible for absorbing salts
ileum
-
another name for large intestine
colon
-
parts of the large intestine include
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
-
responsible for absorbing water, electrolytes and bile salts
large intestine
-
three accessory organs
pancreas, gallbladder and liver
-
a fish shaped organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions
pancreas
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endocrine functions to produce ____ & _____ to regulate blood sugar level
glucagon & insulin
-
____ produces enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease
pancreas
-
enzyme that converts carbs into glucose
amylase
-
enzyme that aids in fat digestion
lipase
-
enzyme that breaks down protein
protease
-
the largest glandular organ in the body
liver
-
liver function examples:
produce heparin, filter blood and destroy bacteria, manufacture cholesterol, produce adn secrete bile, detoxify poisonous substances
-
where is bile bile produced
liver
-
bile acts as a _________
fat emulsifier
-
pearshaped sac attached to the underside of the liver
gallbladder
-
____ stores and concentrates bile until it is needed by the small intestine
gallbladder
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painful condition characterized by inflammation and ulcerations in the mouth
stomatitis
-
also called banding, involves placing a rubber band tie or O-ring on the varix
esophageal ligation
-
vomiting blood
hematemasis
-
-
inflammation of the stomach mucosa
gastritis
-
GI effects of aging
- decrease peristalsis
- oral changes
- decrease enzyme
- decrease saliva
-
stomatitis treatment
antibiotics, analgesics, and monitor fluid intake
-
gastric secretions flow upward into esophagus
GERD
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Pt.s with GERD should avoid what types of food
-
what should the nurse observe with Pt.'s with GERD
melena (black tarry stool) and pain
-
this disorder is characterized by pain 1-2 hours after eating, eating does not relieve pain, wt. loss occurs
peptic ulcer
-
what is the treatment for ulcers
antacids, bismuth, proton pump inhibitors
-
where will the person with appendicitis have pain
RLQ (assess mcburney's point)
-
what type of diet is encouraged for diverticulosis
high fiber diet; stool softeners
-
inflammation that occurs anywhere throughout the colon and small inestine.
s/s is and. pain & bloody diarhea
Crohn's disease
-
this disease has no organic cause and treatment is diet and medication.
s/s is cramping, and. pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
irritable bowel syndrome
-
s/s of of this disease - epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, anorexia, fever, and vomiting
treatment: IV hydration, berets, NPO, medication
pancreatitis
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