Anatomy Chapter 18

bony framework of the body

Nonvascular connective tissue

Where bones meet

Process within the skeletal system which forms blood cells.

bone building cells

bone reabsorbing cells

mature bone cells

Complete bone formation

Mixture of collagen fibers and chemicals

layers of bone

Has canals of veins, arteries, and lymph vessels that penetrate the bone matrix

Made up of connective tissue and blood vessels.

responsible for manufacture of red and white blood cells.

Produces some white blood cells

Connective tissue attached to bone

covers the ends of bones

very flexible

connects bones to other bones at joints

a depression or hollow space in a bone for attachments.

hole or opening in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves can pass

Air-filled cavity in a bone

Narrow opening between parts of a bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass.

Large, rounded, knuckle-like prominence that forms a joint with another bone

Large, rounded, roughened process that attaches muscles and ligaments to the bone

space between skull bones at birth filled with dense fibrous connective tissue.

found in the upper and lower extremities

appear in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals).

found in the skull, ribs, and scapula

spinal column, sphenoid and sphenoid bones of skull, the sacrum, the coccyx, patella and mandible.

main shaft of long bone

expanded ends of long bones

Flared ends of long bones between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

layer of cartilage located where the epiphysis meets the mataphysis

Cavity where bone marrow is deposited in long bones.

dense bone on the outside of short, flat, and irregular bones.

contains bones of skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone ( in throat)

large spaces within the skull's framework

the joining together of flat bones

place where articulation occurs

soft spots located between cranial bones

forms the forehead

-give shape to the top of the cranium

forms the back part of the cranial floor

arge opening at the base of the occipital bone where spinal column joins the skull.

-bat bone

smaller openings in the cranial bones through which cranial nerves and blood vessels pass

Lower jawbone

upper jawbones

located side by side

forms the lower wall between the nostrils

cheekbones

within the eye orbits along side of nose

behind the hard palate

above the roof of the mouth.

spinal column

7

-located in the neck

first vertebrae, which supports head and allows head to nod

second vertebrae- serves as a pivot when the head turns from side to side

12

-posterior portion of each of the 12 rib pairs is attached to these

5

• -support the weight of the entire body
• -are heavier and larger than other vertebrae

begins as 5 bones that fuse to one

-located between the 2 hip bones

begins as 4 bones that fuse to 1

discs of cartilage that separate vertebrae from one another

weight bearing, drum shaped structure toward the front of each vertebrae

Breastbone

(upper portion) of the sternum- joins with the collarbone and first rib.

(middle portion) of the sternum- next nine ribs attach there.

(lower portion) of the sternum– forms attachment for the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.

• -7 pairs of true ribs – attach directly to the sternum
• -3 pairs of false ribs – connected indirectly to the sternum
• -2 pairs of floating ribs – attached only to the vertebrae

contains bones of the upper and lower extremities

forms the shoulder

collarbone

shoulder blade

where the clavicle and sternum join

• where the scapula and clavicle join
• -site of muscle attachment

upper arm

Where the humerus joins the bones of the elbow

thumb side of the forearm

little finger side of the forearm

8 small bones of the wrist

form the hand

bones of the finger

brings together the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

upper portion of pelvis

lowest portion

joins hipbones together

the socket where the femur joins the pelvic girdle.

thighbone

kneecap

larger and stronger bone of the lower leg

smaller bone of the lower leg

7 bones of the ankle

long bones of the foot

toes

stretches front to back

goes from side to side

joints where 2 or more bones come together

no movement

slight movement

free movement

lippery type of cartilage that covers the surfaces of two bones that come together

a capsule made up of tough, fiberous connective tissue and filled with synovial fluid

filled with synovial fluid

allow widest range of movement

move only in one direction

allow for rotation

have a concave-convex socket

allow flat surfaces to move across each other

oval-shaped bones that fit into an elliptical cavity.

connect bones to bones

connect muscles to bones

a bending motion that brings 2 neighboring bones closer together

opposite of flexation and results from an increase in the angle of the bones.

when an extremity is moved away from the body.

occurs when movement goes toward the midline of the body.

when one bone moves or turns on its own axis.

turning the palm upward

turning the palm downward

turning sole of foot inward

turn sole of foot outward

a combination of flexation, abduction, extension, and adduction, in that order.

the displacement of a joint from its proper position

returning bones to their proper position

partial dislocation of a joint

when the ligaments around the joint are stretched, torn, or ruptured

when muscles or tendons are stretched beyond their capacity

bone break

repairing the break when the skin has not been punctured or does not require surgical opening

when a bone breaks through the skin