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Asexual Reproduction
- *does not require sex cells
- *offspring is genetically identical to parent
- *can be grown from roots, stems, leaves
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Sexual Reproduction
- *requires making of sex cells
- -sperm (male sex cell)
- -egg (female sex cell)
- *offspring is genetically different to parent
- *fertilization occurs
- -combining of sperm and egg to form zygote
- --first cell of new organism
- *happens through dispersal
- -carrying sperm to egg
- -by wind, water, animals, gravity
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2 Stages to a Plant's Life Cycle
- 1) Gametophyte
- 2) Sporophyte
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Gametophyte Stage
- *produces sex cells
- *produces haploid cells
- -half the set of chromosomes for an organism
- *allows fertilization to occur
- *producing a zygote
- *non-vascular plants spend most of life
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Sporophyte Stage
- *forms spores
- *produces diploid cells
- -have full set of chromosomes (pair up)
- *spores go through cell division
- *vascular plants spend most of life
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Moss Life Cycle
- > sporophyte >> spore >> gametophyte >
- < zygote << fertilization << sex cells <
- *sporophyte cannot do photosynthesis
- *gets nutrients and water from gametophyte
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Alternation of Generations
*switching from sporophyes producing gametophytes, etc.
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Fern Life Cycle
- > frond (sporophyte stage) >
- < prothallus (gametophyte stage) <
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Gymnosperm Reproduction
*cones - contain the reproductive cells
- Male Cone*smaller in size
- *grows on tip of branches
- *has pollen
- -contains sperm
- Female Cone*larger in size
- *grows along the branch
- *produces egg from ovule
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Gymnosperm Reproductive Process
- 1) Pollination
- 2) Forms a Pollen Tube
- 3) Fertilization
- 4) Zygote
- 5) Embryo
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Pollination
- *transfer of pollen to the ovule
- *by dispersal
- -movement of pollen or seeds by wind, water, insects, animals, gravity
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Forms a Pollen Tube
*allows sperm to get to egg
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Embryo
*yound plant that will form a seed
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Angiosperm Reproduction
*reproductive organ>flower
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4 Parts to a Complete Flower
- 1) Petal
- 2) Pistil
- 3) Stamen
- 4) Sepal
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Receptacle
- *part of stem
- F*allows flower to grow
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Sepal
- *leafy part of flower
- F*protects flower (bud)
- F*supports stem
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Petal
- *colored part of flower
- F*attracts for pollination
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Stamen
*contains male reproductive cell
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Anther
- *sticky substance that contains pollen
- *contains sperm - male sex cell
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Filament
*"stem" of stamen
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Pistil
*contains female reproductive cell
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3 Parts to a Pistil
- A) Stigma
- B) Style
- C) Ovary
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Stigma
- *top sticky part
- F*collects pollen
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Style
- *"stem" of pistil
- F*forms a pollen tube
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Ovary
- *contains ovule
- -contains eggs
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Angiosperm Reproductive Process
- 1) Pollination
- 2) Forms a Pollen Tube
- 3) Fertilization
- 4) Zygote
- 5) Embryo
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Germination
*new seed developing into a new plant
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