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Cardiovascular hypokalemia
- thready, weak, irregular pulse
- weak peripheral pulses
- orthostatic hypotension
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cardiovascular hyperkalemia
- slow, weak, irregular HR
- decreased blood pressure
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respiratory hypokalemia
- shallow, ineffective respirations that result from profound weakness of the skeltal muscles of respiration
- diminished breath sounds
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respiratory hyperkalemia
profound weakness of the skeletal muscles leading to respiratory failure
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Neuromuscular hypokalemia
- anxiety, leathary, confusion, coma
- skeletal muscle weakness, eventaul flaccid paralysis
- loss of tactile discrimination
- paresthesias
- deep tendon hyporeflexia
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Neuromuscular Hyperkalemia
- early: muscle twitches, cramps, paesthesias (tingling and burning followed by numbness in the hands and feet and around the mouth)
- late: profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs (trunk, head, and respiratory muscles become affected when the serum potassium level reaches a lethal level)
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Gastrointestinal hypokalemia
- decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds
- nausesa, vomitting, constipation, abdominal distention
- paralytic ileus
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Gastrointestinal hyperkalemia
- increased mobility, hyperactive bowel sounds
- diarrhea
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Labratory findings hypokalemia
- serum potassium level lower than 3.5 mEq/L
- ECG changes: ST depression, shallow, flat or inverted T wave, and prominent U wave
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Labratory findings hyperkalemia
- serum potassium level that exceeds 5.1 mEq/L
- ECG: fall peaked T waves, flat P waves, widened QRS complexes, and prolonged PR intervals
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