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What is the most common type of dehydration?
Dehydration or known as Hypovolemia (isotonic dehydration)
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If a client has decreased circulating blood volume and inadequated tissue perfusion they may be in what type of fluid volume deficit?
1. Isotonic dehydration
2. Hypertonic dehydration
3. Hypotonic dehydration
1 Isotonic dehydration
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When water loss exceeds electrolyte loss you have?
1. Isotonic dehydration
2. Hypertonic dehydration
3. Hypotonic dehydration
2. Hypertonic dehydration
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When electrolyte loss exceeds water loss you have?
1. Isotonic dehydration
2. Hypertonic dehydration
3. Hypotonic dehydration
3. Hypotonic dehydration
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What causes isotonic dehydration?
- 1. inadequae intake of fluids and solutes
- 2. fluid shifts between compartments
- 3. excessive losses of isotonic blody fluids
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What causes Hypertonic dehydration?
- Conditions that increase fluid loss...
- 1. excessive perspiration
- 2. hyperventilation
- 3. ketoacidosis
- 4. prolonged fevers
- 5. diarrhea
- 6. early-stage renal failure
- 7. diabetes insipidus
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What causes Hypotonic dehydration?
- 1. chronic illness
- 2. excessive fluid replacement (hypotonic)
- 3. renal failure
- 4. chronic malnutrition
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When the body is in a FVD, what heart (cardiovascular) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Thready, increased pulse rate
- Decreased blood pressure and orthostatic (postural) hypotension
- Flat neck and hand vins in dependent positions
- Diminished peripheral pulses
- Decreased central venous pressure
- Dysrhytmias
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When the body is in FVD, what lung (respiratory) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Increased rate and depth of respirations
- Dyspnea
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When the body is in FVD, what muscle (neuromuscular) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Decreased central nervous systems activity, from lethargy to coma
- Fever, depending on the amount of fluid loss
- Skeletal muscle weakness
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When the body is in FVD, what kidney (Renal) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
Decreased urine output
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When the body is in FVD, what skin (integumentary) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Dry skin
- Poor turgor, tenting
- dry mouth
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When the body is in FVD, what GI symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Decreased motility and diminished bowel sounds
- Constipation
- Thirst
- Decreased body weight
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What lab values would a nurse expect to see with FVD?
- Increased serum osmolality
- Increased hematocrit
- Increased blood BUN level
- Increased serum sodium level
- Increased urinary specific gravity
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When the body is in FVE, what heart (cardiovascular) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Bounding, increased pulse rate
- Elevated blood pressure
- Distended neck and hand veins
- Elevated central venous pressure
- Dysrhythmias
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When the body is in FVE, what lung (respiratory) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Increased respiratory rate (shallow resp)
- Dyspnea
- Moist crackles on auscultation
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When the body is in FVE, what muscle (neuromuscular) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Altered level of consciousness
- Headache
- Visual disturbances
- Skeletal muscle weakness
- Paresthesias
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When the body is in FVE, what kidney (renal) symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Increased urine output if kidnesy can compensate
- Decreased urine output if kidney damage is the cause
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When the body is in FVE, what skin (integumentary) systems would a nurse expect to see?
- Pitting edema in dependent areas
- pale, cool skin
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When the body in in FVE, what GI symptoms would a nurse expect to see?
- Increased motility in the GI tract
- Diarrhea
- Increased body weight
- Liver enlargement
- Ascites
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What lab find values would a nurse expect to see with FVE?
- Decreased serum osmolality
- Decreased hematocrit
- Decreased VUN level
- Decreased serum sodium level
- Decreased urine specific gravity
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