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what are examples of ACUTE fl2 toxicity? (8)
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- intestinal cramping
- black stools
- profuse salivation
- progressive hypotension
- cardiac irregularities (tachycardia, fibrillation)
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what is the most common sign of chronic fl2 toxicity during tooth development?
dental fluorosis
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hypomineralization of the outer 1/3 of enamel (causes brown to white), hypoplastic pitting of enamel, or dental fluorosis results from _____ fl2 toxicity
chronic
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which fl2 would be used on someone with sealants?
NaF because a sealant is a restoration
-
why can APF not be used on dental restorations?
it causes etching of the surfaces
-
which fl2 is recommended for use on young children?
APF
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which ROA (route of administration) is the safest?
ORAL ROUTE! You can't get pregnant!
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what are the effects of amphetamine? (6)
- stimulates medullary respiratory center of brain
- reverse drug-induced CNS depression
- increase wakefullness and alterness
- decrease appetite
- decrease fatigue
- elevate mood, leading to euphoria
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what disorder is amphetamine used therapeutically?
for narcolepsy
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what is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?
- bactericidal kills bacteria (cide= kill)
- bacteriostatic suppresses the growth of bacteria (static= lack of action or movement)
-
what is the fl2 mechanism of action? (2)
- reduces ability of bacteria to make acids by inhibiting their enzyme systems
- remineralizes areas of tooth that has been attacked by acids
-
which fl2 is recommended on use for compromised patients?
NaF varnish
-
what is the drug of choice for healthy, peptic ulcer, substance abuse, alcoholics, and pregnant people?
acetaminophen (non-opiod)
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which isoenzyme is in all normal tissue and is the "housekeeping" enzyme that has the inhibitors:
ASA, ibuprophen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Naprosyn), naproxen Na (Aleve)
COX-1
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all COX inhibitors ________ pain threshold (less pain)
INCREASE (e.g. if you have a high pain threshold = low pain is felt)
-
which isoenzyme protects gastric mucosa, but affects renal function?
COX-1
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which isoenzyme is primarily in brain, kidneys, female reproductive system and bone?
COX-2
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what are the COX-2 inhibitors?
celebrex (celecoxib)
-
which isoenzyme when inhibited reduces prostaglandin synthesis (raises threshold), and blocks endothelial prostacycline synthesis to cause: platelet aggregation (clots) and vasoconstriction?
COX-2
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which isoenzyme is expressed primarily in the CNS
COX-3
-
what are the inhibitors for COX-3 (COX-1 variant)?
APAP (Tylenol)
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which isoenzyme action of inhibitors result in no anti-inflammatory effect, has analgesic and antipyretic effect (inhibits prostaglandin in CNS), and APAP has no effect on platelet function
COX-3
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___________ is a sympathomimetic agent which are also the most powerful ____ stimulants
-
amphetamine is ideal for ________ acting drugs that cause a release of Nor from the mobile pool of the ANT
INDIRECTLY
-
-
.18mg of epi per cartridge if it is __:____k epi
1:100k
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with pseudomembranous candidiasis which group of patients are most likely affected?
- neonates (thrush)
- immunosuppressed patients
- HIV
-
which drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?
- lincomycin and clindamycin (fatalities)
- tetracycline, ampicillin, cephlasporins
-
what is pseudomembranous colitis treated with?
IV antibiotics (vancomycin)
-
pseudomembranous candidiasis is seen in which type of groups?
infants younger than 1 mo of age (neonates), immunosuppressed patients, and HIV infected patients
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