-
what type of of joint is tibio femoral and what are some characteristics?
- hinge
- synnovial
- largest and most stable in full extension
-
medial meniscus
- C-shaped
- larger
- little movement
-
lateral meniscus
- O-shaped
- smaller
- more movement
-
function of the meniscii:
- distribute weight
- force absorption
- limit rotation
-
MOI of meniscii :
- deep flexion
- compression
- rotation & compression
- unstable knees
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what types of injuries are there on the menisii?
- horizontal
- radial
- oblique
- longitudinal
-
what are symptoms of meniscii injuries and can can u treat them?
- pain
- locking/ unlocking
- unusual feeling/sounds
- treat them by
- decreasing pain
- checking normal muscular function
- surgical: partial menisectomy
-
what the function of medial collateral ligament?
- medial stability vs valgus force
- limit excessive ER of tibia and IR of femur
-
MOI of MCL
- valgus: shear forces
- tibia ER
-
symptoms and signs of MCL injury and special test that can be done:
- S/S: instabiliy and pain
- PT joint line, PT origin, PT insertion
- + valgus stress test
- Special test : valgus in extension
- valgus 15 degreee flexion
-
how can you treat MCL injruy?
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what is the finction of LCL?
- taut in extension
- slack in flexion
- limit excessive varus forces
-
MOI and S/S of LCL
- varus: shear forces
- ER of femur
- IR tibia
- S/S: same as mcl except to lcl, varus test in extension
-
Function of ACL:
- prevent anterior movement of tibia on fixed femur
- prevent posterior movement of femur on fixed tibia
- bond femur and tibia
-
MOI of ACL
- clipping
- hyperextension
- hyperfelxion
- IR/ER in position
- ER tibia with valgus
- deceleration
- combination MCL or LCL
- "terrible triad"
-
special tests of ACL injury:
- anterior drawer
- lachmans
- valgus in extension
- roatary instabilities
-
signs and symptoms of ACL injury
- pop
- giving way/giving out
- instability
- valgus opening in extension
-
__ to ___ month reahab for acl injury
6-12
-
what is the difference in females and males in ACL injuries?
- 2 to 8x greater chancei n females
- -smaller acl on average
- -horomone levels cause increase in chance of injuring acl
-
how can you prevent ACL injury?
- proprioception
- strength
- neuromuscular training
-
what is the function of PCL?
- prevent posterior translation of tibia on fixed femur
- prevent anterior translation of femur on fixed fibia
- resist hyperextension
- medial and lateral stability at full extension
- stronger than ACL
-
MOI of PCL
- forced hyperextension
- landing on flexed knee
- anterior blow to knee
- combination with MCL, LCL
-
S/S of PCL and ways to treat it:
- S/S: pop
- instability
- posterior drawer
- posterior sag
- RX: PIER
- REFERRAL
- quad strength, surgical vs non surgical
-
Osgood schlatter disease
- common to adolescent knee
- pain at patellar ligament insertion
- apophysitis of tibial tuberosity
- avulsion fracture
- caused by running or jumping
-
what are S/S of oschgood schlatter and how can it be treated?
- gradual degenereation of apophysis--> impaired circulation
- pain
- RX: rest
- high recurrence
- surgical low recurrence
-
Larsen-Johansson
oschgood-schlatter but at inferior pole of patella
-
inflammation at quadriceps insertion=
quadricep tendinitis
-
inflammation of inferior pole of patella
patellar tendinitis
-
MOI of patellar tendinitis
- repetative jumping
- acceleration/ deceleration
- squatting (technique)
- malalignment of lower extremity
- training intensity, frequency, season
- patella alta, baja
-
S/S of patellar tenditis
- quad weakness
- swelling rare, localized
- pain on function.....during and after
- oschgood schlatter
-
how can you treat patellar tenditis?
- PIER
- ecentric strengthening
- isokinetics
- decrease inflammation and load
-
cause of ILIOTIBIAL BAND FRICTION SYNDROME (Runner’s Knee)
- overuse
- common in runner and cyclists
- genu varum
- pronated feet
-
what are oseochondral fractures?
- articular cartilage and bone
- patellar or medial femoral condyle
-
signs and symptoms of osteochondral fractures
- audible snap
- hemarthrosis
- lack of extension
-
osteochondritis dissecans
- partial or complete seperation of a piece of articular cartilage or subchondral bone
- RX: PIER, immobilize
-
patellar fracture
- uncommon caused by direct blow
- may have strong isometric KE
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