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An organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government
political machine
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Another name for the spoils system, in which government jobs or favors are often given out to political allies and friends
Patronage
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A body of non-elected government officials
Civil Service
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A combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition
Trust
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A journalists who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society
Muckraker
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An election in which voters choose their party's candidate
Primary
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The right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval
Initiative
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The practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature
Referendum
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The right that enables voters to remove unsatifactory elected officials from office
Recall
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The protection and preservation of natural resources
Conservation
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A person who fought for women's right to vote
Suffragist
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The nationwide ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor in the U.S. which became the 18th Ammendment
Prohibition
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Someone who breaks up a trust into smaller companies
Trustbuster
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Settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
Arbitration
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Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all
Square Deal
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Policy that the government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy
Laissez-faire
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Unfair treatment of a group because of race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth
Discrimination
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A Spanish-speaking neighborhood in a city, especially the the southwest U.S.
Barrio
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Arrangement in which contractors increased the amount of their bill for city work and paid a percentage of that amount to the bosses
Kickback
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Corrupt leader of the New York democratic political machine, sent to prison in 1872
William M. "Boss" Tweed
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19th U.S. president who tried to change the spoils system by reforming the civil service
Rutherford B. Hayes
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The first federal law to control trusts and monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
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Law passed by Congress requirring railroads to charge and publish reasonable and just rates
Interstate Commerce Act
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Author of "The Jungle" which described the appalling conditions of the meatpacking industry. Spurred The Pure and Drug Act and federal meat inspection
Upton Sinclair
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Reformer who established commmunity services in poor neighborhoods to help residents, mostly immirants. She established the Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago
Jane Addams
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Leader of the women's suffrage movement. She was also involved in the temperance and abolisionist movements Her portait is on the dollar coin
Susan B. Anthony
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Leader of the women's suffrage movement who broke away from the national group and formed a more radical group who picketed the White House. met with President Wilson but failed to win his support for women's suffrage
Alice Paul
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Known as the prohibtion law. made it illegal to make, sell, or transport alcohol in the U.S.
Eighteenth Ammendment
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Became famous for his "Rough Riders" fight on Cuba's San Juan Hill. Became the 26th president after Mckinley was assinated. He promoted the constuction of the Panama Canal, and promoter progressive reforms as well as business regulations
Theodore Roosevelt
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Union which held months' long strike for higher wages and work hour reduction
United Mine Workers
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Authorized as a graduated income tax to generate revenue for the federal governement
Sixteenth Ammendment
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Newly formed party, split from the republicans because the felt that their policies were not represented, Theodore Roosevelt was the presidential candidate
Progressive Party
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Established by Congress to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices
Federal Trade Commisson
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Organization that began in the South to imtimidate African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and other groups that they considered "un-American"
Klu Klux Klan
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African american women and author who launched a crusade against lynching in spite of personal risk to herself
Ida B. Wells
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African American author who was most concerned with protecting and exercising voting rights, first African American to recieve a doctrate from Harvard. helped form the NAACP
W.E.B Du Bois
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African American chemist and botanist who discovered many uses for plant products, inclucing peanut and soybean
George Washington Carver
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A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
Isolationism
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A long period of risking stock prices
Expansionism
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The actions used by one nation to exercise political or economis control over smaller or weaker nations
Imperalism
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Bringing an area under the control of a larger company
Annexation
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Section of a country where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers
Spheres of Influence
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A policy that allowed each foreign nation in China to trade freely in the other nations' spheres of influence
Open Door Policy
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writings which exaggerate gruesome events to attract readers, often false reporting
Yellow Journanlism
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A temperary peace agreement to end fighting
Armistice
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A country that is technically independant but is actually under control of another country
Protectorate
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A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
Isthmus
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Disorder and lawlessness
Anarchy
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A policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroad
Dollar Diplomacy
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U.S. Commodore who arrived in force in Japan and negotiated a peace treaty
Matthew Perry
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Secretary of State under Lincoln who supported expantionist view. He signed a Treaty with Russia to buy Alaska for $7.2 million
William H. Seward
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Minister who proposed that Americans bring their religion and culture to the people of Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Josiah Strong
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Queen of Hawaii who wanted Hawaiians to gain control of their islans from the Americans
Queen Liliuokalani
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22nd and 24th U.S. predident, he oppossed annexation of Hawaii
Grover Cleveland
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Islands south of Hawaii directly on the trade route linking Australia and the U.S. the U.S., Eurpoeans, and Germany divided up the islands without consulting the Samoans
Samoa Islands
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A secret Chinese group who besieged foreign embassies in Beijing, killing 200 foreigners and taking other prisoners in hope to get rid of foreign control
Boxer Rebellion
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Treaty signed by Japan and Russia which reconized Japan's control of Korea in return for a promise by Japan to halt its expansion
Treaty of Portsmouth
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President Theodore Roosevelt sent 16 ships of the U.S. Navy around the world to showcase nation's military might
Great White Fleet
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Exciled Cuban leader in the U.S. who brought together groups who raised funds, purchased weapons, and trained some troops for a Cuban invasion
Jose Marti
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Americans cry for revenge against spain, spurred by american newspapers
"Remember The Maine"
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U.S commodore who launched a surprise attack on the spanish fleet
George Dewey
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First Regignment of the U.S Calvary Volunteers made up of former cowhands and college students, joined the Battle of San Juan Hill
Rough Riders
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U.S and Cuba's agreement which granted Cubans their independence but prohibited them from making treaties with other nations and gave America control of a naval base in Guatamala bay
Platt Amedment
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A country which is an isthmus between The Carribean Sea and the Pacicfic Ocean
Panama
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A U.S army doctor and colonel who helped elminate yellow fever and malaria in Cuba and Panama
William Gorgas
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Mexican revolution leader who led guerilaa warfare to defeat U.S troops supporting the Mexican dictator during the Mmexican Revolution
Pancho Villa
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