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name the three substances with scientific evidence for caries reduction
- fluoride
- xylitol
- chlorhexidine
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what is the most commonly used substance for an anticaries effect?
fluoride!
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what agent reduces the ability of bacteria to make acids by inhibiting their enzyme systems and remineralizes areas of the tooth that have been attacked by acids?
fluoride! to the rescue!
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what anticaries agent reduces streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva? It inhibits the attachment of biofilm to teeth and from mother to child. this is:
Xylitol!
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which anticaries agent is antibacterial and effective against gram neg and gram positive bacteria?
CHX
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which anticaries agent has a direct effect on the hydroxyapatite crystal of enamel, reduces solubility of enamel to acids, and binds to calcium to form calcium fluoride?
fluoride
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which agent is the most cariostatic?
fluoride
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when fl2 is ingested systemically during tooth development, what are the changes in hydroxyapatite?
fl2 binds to calcium and they form the stable compound of calcium fl2. (= mineralized tissues that are less soluble in acids secreted by microorganisms)
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what happens when topical fl2 is applied to the tooth, and what does hydroxyapatite change to?
- hydroxyapatite changes to fluorapetite.
- promotes remineralization of demineralized enamel.
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what will happen if SnF is applied onto biofilm?
it will alter the usual pattern of bacterial acid production
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which toxicity from a fluoride overdose is a serous medical emergency and must be managed immediately to prevent death?
acute
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which fluoride toxicity occurs slowly over time, and management is by medical intervention?
Chronic
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nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal cramping, profuse salivation, black stools, progressive hypotension, and cardiac irregularities are sings of _______ fl2 toxicity
acute
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during the age of tooth mineralization, what can happen if someone has had too much fl2 over and extended period of time?
it can lead to fluorosis (>2ppm of fl2 in water)
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why can acute toxicity lead to death? what happens?
respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse can occur
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what should you do if someone has had an acute fl2 toxicity exposure?
- 1. immediately call 911
- 2. induce vomiting to get fl2 out of stomach
- 3. have pt drink several glasses of milk to bind to fl2 and prevent absorption
- 4. monitor vital signs and prepare for CPR emergency until EMS arrives
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which application of fl2 should be used on a pt with restorations?
NaF
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