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FROM: upper-external occipital protuberence, medial third of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spine of C7. Middle-spines of T1-T5. Lower-spines of T6-T12
TO: upper-lateral third of clavicle. Middle-acromion, crest of the spine of the scapula. Lower-aponeurosis at the medial end of spine of scapula
Trapezius
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FROM: spines of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar and sacral spines), posterior 3rd of iliac crest, lower 3/4 of ribs, inferior angle of scapula
TO: intertubercular groove of humerus
Latissimus dorsi
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FROM: spines of T2-T5
TO: medial border of scapula from base to inferior angle
Rhomboid major
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FROM: lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T1
TO: medial border of scapula at the base of the spine
Rhomboid minor
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FROM: transverse processes of C1-C4
TO: medial border of scapula from superior angle to base of spine
Levator scapulae
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FROM: lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T1/3
TO: upper borders and out surfaces of ribs 2-5 lateral to their angles
Serratus posterior superior
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FROM: spines of T11-L3
TO: lower borders and outer surfaces of ribs 9-12 lateral to their angles
Serratus posterior inferior
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FROM: lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T3
TO: mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
Splenius capitis
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FROM: spines T3-T6
TO: posterior transverse tubercles of C1-C3
Splenius cervicis
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FROM: anterior deep surface of broad thick tendon attached to median and lateral sacral crests, medial surface of the back of the iliac crest and spines T11-L5
TO: angles of the ribs, posterior transverse tubercles as high as C4
Iliocostalis
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FROM: anterior deep surface of broad thick tendon attached to median and lateral sacral crests, medial surface of the back of the iliac crest and spines T11-L5
TO: transverse processes, lower 9-10 ribs medial to their angle, mastoid process
Longissimus
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FROM: mainly in thoracic region
TO: spines between T2-L2
Spinalis
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Capitis is between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone. Transversospinal.
Semispinalis
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FROM: sacrum S4
TO: axis C2
Multifidus
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FROM: spine of axis
TO: lateral part of inferior nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior major
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FROM: posterior tubercle of atlas
TO: medial part of inferior nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior minor
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FROM: spine of axis
TO: transverse process of atlas
Obliquus capitis inferior
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FROM: transverse process of atlas
TO: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Obliquus capitis superior
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FROM: pass downward and forward between adjacent borders of 2 ribs. From costal tubercles almost to costal cartilages.
TO: continues to sternum as intercostal membrane
External intercostals
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FROM: pass down and backwards and extend back from sternum to costal angle
Internal intercostals
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occupy middle 2 quarters of the lower spaces of ribs
Innermost intercostals
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Well developed only in lower thorax. Portions of the innermost intercostals that cross 2/3 intercostal spaces
Subcostals
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FROM: lower 1/3 of posterior sternal surface, xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 4-7
TO: costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
Transversus thoracis
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FROM: tips of C7-T11 transverse processes
TO: descend laterally to rib below (or 2) between tubercle and angle
Levatores
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FROM: outer surfaces and lower borders of ribs 5-12, interdigitating with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi
TO: anterior half of outerlip of iliac crest and line alba
External abdominal oblique
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FROM: anterior 2/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
TO: posterior-inferior borders of lower 3-4 ribs. Intermediate-outer surfaces and lower borders of 7-9 costal cartilages and line alba. Lowest-curve downward and medially to pubic crest and pecten pubis
Interbal abdominal oblique
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FROM: inner surface of lower 6 costal cartilages, anterior 2/3 of inner lip of iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
TO: lineal alba. Lowest fibers-curve downward and medially to pubic crest and pecten pubis
Transversus abdominis
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FROM: pubic tubercle, crest, and symphysis
TO: 5-7 costal cartilages and side of xiphoid process
Rectus abdominis
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FROM: clavicular head-anterior surface of sternal half of clavicle. Sternocostal head-anterior surface of the sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
TO: crest of greater tubercle of the humerus
Pectoralis major
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FROM: upper margins and outer surfaces of ribs 2-5
TO: coracoid process - medial and upper surfaces
Pectoralis minor
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FROM: upper surface of first rib and its costal cartilage
TO: lower surface of middle third of clavicle
Subclavius
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FROM: digitations from outer surface and upper borders of upper 8-9 ribs on anterolateral thoracic wall
TO: entire length of costal surface of medial border of scapula from superior to inferior angles. Lower 4-5 digitations converge on inferior angle
Serratus anterior
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FROM: iliolumbar ligament and adjacent portion of iliac crest
TO: lower border of 12th rib, transverse processes of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
Quadratus lumborum
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FROM: Sternal portion-two fleshy slips from back of xiphoid process. Costal portion-inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages and adjacent portions of their ribs on each side. Lumbar portion-two fibrous arches on each side (medial and lateral arcuate ligaments over the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles, respectively) and from the anterolateral surfaces of the upper three lumbar vertebral bodies and discs by the muscular right and left crura
TO: central tendon
Diaphragm
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