-
First line measure to prevent/treat atelectasis
Incentive Spirometer
-
Atelectasis
Closure or collapse of alveoli
-
Medications that suppress the cough reflux
Anti-tussives
-
Most accurate measurement of concentration of oxygen in the
blood
ABG-Arterial Blood Gas
-
Max volume of air exhaled from the point of max inspiration
Vital Capacity
-
Coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
-
What is copious green sputum indicative of?
Infection
-
First line of defense to prevent spreading disease
Wash your hands
-
What is the normal range for blood pH?
7.35-7.45
-
What is the normal range for CO2 in the blood?
35-45
-
Normal range for bi-carb (HCO3) ion the blood
22-26
-
Respiratory or Metabolic
pH increases & CO2 decreased
pH decrease & CO2 increase
Respiratory (opposite pH to CO2)
-
Respiratory or Metabolic
pH increases & HCO3 increased
pH decrease & HCO3 decreased
Metabolic (equal pH to HCO3)
-
Orthopnea
Difficult/labored breathing when recumbent (relieved by upright position)
-
Low grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss is symptoms of…
Tuberculosis
-
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway
Asthma
-
Chronic hyperinflation of lungs r/t emphysema
Barrel Chest
-
Fever, muscle aches, sore throat, ill looking is symptoms of…
Influenza
-
Antihistamines
- Block action of histamine
- Decrease secretions & edema
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
-
Decongestants
- Shrink engorged nasal mucous membranes
- Relieve nasal stuffiness
-
What might happen if nasal decongestant is used more then 3 days?
Rebound Congestion
-
Main nursing dx for respiratory problems
- Ineffective airway clearance (maintain patent airway)
- Ineffective gas exchange (cough deep breathe)
- Acute pain (promote comfort)
- Impaired verbal communication
- Deficient fluid volume
- Knowledge deficit
-
-
Pneumonia
- Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms
- Dyspnea/Orthopnea
- Fever/chills
- Pleuritic chest pain(cough/breathing)
- Tachypnea/tachycardiaCough w/ sputum
- Confusion/irritable
-
What is best position for Orthopnea?
Upright sitting position slightly leaning forward
-
In what case is antitussives contraindicated?
When pt. has a compromised cough reflex
-
Care of a pt. with pneumonia?
Upon admission place head of bed 45-90 degree angle.
-
What meds are given for pneumonia?
- Antibiotics (broad spectrum before culture results)
- Bronchodilators
- Expectorants
-
COPD
Group of common chronic respiratory disorders characterized by progressive tissue degeneration & obstruction of airways
-
What kind of mask would the nurse choose for COPD pt.?
Venturi Mask
-
What is “spoon shaped” nails characteristic of?
Iron deficiency
-
What is the normal amount of insensible perspiration?
600mL per day
-
What kind of precautions should pt. with Impetigo be on?
Contact precaution
-
What are two anti-viral medications used to treat Shingles?
- **Acyclovir (Zovirax)**
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
- If used within 24 hr from first outbreak reduces spread/severity of symptoms
-
Topical treatment for symptoms of Herpes Zoster (shingles)
- Compresses
- Calamine lotion
- Baking soda
-
What are factors is perfusion of oxygen and CO2?
- Pt.s cardiac output
- **Arterial oxygen content (SaO2) pulse oximetry**
- Number of RBC or hematocrit
- Metabolic demands
-
What does finger clubbing indicate?
Chronic hypoxic conditions
-
Upon auscultation of lungs, what does dullness indicate?
Fluid in the plural space
-
Treatment of common cold
After 7-10 days of cont. symptoms, perform strep test
-
Nursing implications for tonsillectomy
- Because bleeding is largest risk…
- Assess frequent swallowing
- Vital signs (s/s of bleeding)
-
What is the definitive test for Tuberculosis?
PPD (purified protein derivative)
-
Proper use of Metered Dose Inhaler
Position 1-2 inches from open mouth
-
Teaching plan for asthma regarding medication
Take as scheduled
-
3 types of wound dressings
-
Describe interactive wound dressing
- Absorbs exudates
- moist in center of wound
- dry on edges (wet-to-dry)
-
-
Contact dermatitis and treatment
- An allergic reaction (chem., physical, biologic, irritant)
- Tx.
- Remove offending agent
- Non-medicated lotion
- Cool wet dressing
-
Changes in skin from Psoriasis
- Thickening of the dermis and the epidermis (scaly plaques)
- Cellular hyperproliferation
- Altered differentiationInflammation
-
2 types of Glaucoma
- Open angle-most common
- Angle closure
-
Nursing teaching for administering of Timolol (eye medicine for glaucoma)
Can cause systemic response (low BP/P) so block lacrimal canal
-
Cataract treatment
- Only cure is surgical removal
- Post op.:
- Eye drops
- Activity restrictions
- HOB >30 degrees
- Report new floaters and flashers to Dr
-
Conjunctivitis
Can easily spread from one eye to another (very contagious)
-
Post-op care of eye surgery
- Activity restriction
- Bed rest
- Head turned, affected side up
- Sit upright with head over bed table until 1st dressing change
-
Macular Degeneration 2 types
- Atrophic dry type – progressive-most common
- Exudative wet type- rapid progression- *cause legal blindness*
-
Dizziness
Sensation the individual is moving rather than the environment. Increased risk for falls.
-
Vertigo
Sensation of movement of environment, episodic, worsens with movement. Increased risk for falls.
-
Nystagmus
Uncontrolled eye movements. Increased risk for falls. Mike’s googly-eyes
-
Meniere’s Disease
Abnormality of inner ear which leads to hearing loss and vertigo
-
Tinnitus
Underlying disorder causing hearing loss
-
Ototoxicity
Hearing loss caused by medications r/t adverse effects.
-
How to communicate effectively with a person with a hearing disorder
- Face the hearing impaired
- Speak normal pace and tone (for lip reading)
- Reduce noise and distractions
- Keep mouth clear from distractions (hand, paper, etc)
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