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Define Absorption:
Is the proces by which medications enters the bloodstream.
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Define Adverse Drug Event
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Define Adverse effect
- Is any effect other than the therapeutic effect.
- (ie. severe hypotention when an antihypertensive agent is administered.)
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Define Anaphylactic Reaction:
- A severe allergic rx that requires immediate medical intervention because it can be fatal.
- (symptoms: wheezing, dyspnea, angioedema of tongue or oropharynx, hypotension & tachycarda)
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Define Antagonism:
A medication interaction that occurs when a medicaiton effects are decreased by the concurrent presense of other medications or food.
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What are Botanicals
- Natural remedies that lack standards and regulation.
- Potency of botancial can vary depending on how it was prepared and the particular plant source used.
- St Johns Wort - Mild depression
- Echinacea - mild antibiotic
- Ginko biloba - blood circulation, cognitive function.
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Define Buccal
- The route involves placing medication underneath the upper lip or in the side of the mouth.
- Medication should not be chewed or swallowed or placed under the tongue.
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Define controlled substance:
Are drugs that are considered to have either limited medical use or high potential for abuse or addition.
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Define Distribution
- The process by which medication is delivered to the target cells and tissues.
- The effectiveness of the circulatory system, the amount of medication bound to protein, and the tissue specificity of the drug affect distribution.
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Define Drug
Any substance that alters physiologic function, with the potential for affecting health (postively or negatively).
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Define excretion:
- The process of removing the drug or the metabolites from the body.
- Kidneys excrete most drug metabolites.
- Some excretion from the lungs and intestines.
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Define Herbal Medications
- Plant species with medicinal properties used to treat illness and disease.
- Herbal preparations are classified as dietary supplements.
- Herbal medications lack standards and regulations.
- Potency can depen on how it was prepared and the particular plant source used.
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Define Intradermal
- Parental Route involving adminstration of a medication into the dermis located just beneath the skin surface by injection or infusion.
- (use: allergy test, tst)
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Define Intramuscular
- Parental Route involving administration of a medication into the muscle layer beneath the dermis and subcutaneous tissue by injection or infusion.
- (use: antibiotics, antiemetics, opiates and vaccines-slow absorption)
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Define Intravenous
- Given by way of catheters inserted into veins.
- (use: antibiotics, opiate analgesics, antiarrhythmics and antiulcer medications)
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Define medication
A drug administered for its therapeutic effects.
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Define Medication Reconciliation (verification)
A very important safety procedure during client handoffs between healthcare providers or agencies.
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Define Metabolism
- The process of chemically changing the drug in the body.
- Mainly takes place in the liver.
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Define parenteral
- Parenteral route refers to medications that are given by injection or infusion.
- (routes include ID, SC, IM, IV)
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Define Pharmodynamics
Refers to the physiologic and biochemical effects of a drug on the body.
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Define Pharmacokinetics
The process by which a drug moves through the body and is eventually eliminated.
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Define Prescriptions:
A legal order for the preparation and administration of a medication
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Define Subcutaneous
- Injections are given into the SC tissue, the layer of fat located below the dermis and above the muscle tissue.
- (Heperan, low molecular weight heparin and insulin sc adminstered medications)
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Define sublingual
- Tablet placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve.
- Not to be swallowed.
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Define Synergism
An increase of drug effects when a medication's effects are altered by the concurrent presence of of other medications of food
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Define Therapeutic Effect
A medication's desired and intentional effects
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Define Transdermal
- Medications designed to be absorbed through the skin for systemic effects.
- (use: Nitroglycerin and Nicotine patches)
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Define Unit Dose:
System involves the pharmacy or manufacturer in prepackaging and prelabeling an individual client dose.
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