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a territorial area, politically recognized as a country both by people within the territory and by governments outside it, on the basis of historical, material, and geographical factors.
country
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the process of believing that our mental constructs actually exist materially
reification
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a set of institutions successfully claiming a monopoly over political rule-making and the legitimate use of violent and coercion within a given territory
state
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a mass of individuals who define themselves collectively as a people
nation
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the study of society
Sociology
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the product of relatively continuous and enduring interactions, within a political territory, between people more or less identifying themselves as members of the society theses interactions being maintained by an ensemble of political, economic, cultural and other institutions the sum of such interactions occurring with similarly defined societies external to the given territory.
society
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a series of interrelated economic, political, and cultural changes, sometimes contradictory and even opposed throughout the world
globalization
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purposeful action in contract theorizing
praxis
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grand theory of social action that emphasizes the relationship among institutions that fulfill specific functions necessary for the continuation and survival of the society
Structural-funtional theory
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theory based on Karl Marx's idea that world history was a result of class struggle and more widely structured contradictions
conflict theory
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theory that deals with interactions within small groups or organizations. Symbolic interaction is a sociological offshoot of social psychology
symbolic interaction theory
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an understanding of the meaning that other's attach to events, symbols and experiences
verstehen
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theory that deals with social construction of meanings
post structural theory
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our material institutions, actions, and beliefs are shaped though not determined, by past events and our understanding or misunderstanding of those events
Historical sociology
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a simulation based on calculations about the relative probability of plausible outcomes
counterfactual history
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policy used to preserve the mother countries supply of precious metals and to make it less vulnerable during times of war
mercantilism
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the deliberate use of acts of violence or the threat of violence by individuals, groups or the state for the purpose of furthering political ends.
Terrorism
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the system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy involving inequalities of various sorts.
social stratification
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thesis that the Conquest had destroyed New France's embryonic bourgeoise
decapitation thesis
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someone's ability to impose his or her will upon others even against their resistance
power
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the set of assumptions, beliefs, explanations, values and unexamined knowledge through which we come to understand reality
idology
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francophone workers
francophone prolectariat
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an ideology of conservation nationalism reflecting the influence of the Catholic Church during the late 20th century
clerico-nationalism
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the tendency of English-speaking Canadians to identify with the shape of Canada as learned in school by looking at the map, but to know nothing about the history or culture of their fellow citizens, especially those in Quebec.
mapism
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an extrordinary quality of a person, regardless of wether this quality is actual, alleged or presumed
charisma
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theory that Canada is both French and English and that they are combined together to make Canada
two nations theory(compact theory)
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the more or less agreed-upon societal rules and expectations specifying ways of behaving in society
social norms
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refers both to the institutions, practices and principles that define and structure a system of government and to the written document that establishes or articulates such a system.
consitution
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rules that govern society enforced by the government
laws
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the ability to grasp history through biography and the relations of the two within society
sociological imagination
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Canada as a bilingual country at a federal level
institutional bilingualism
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the level of being bilingual in the everyday usage of French and English
territorial bilingualism
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a form of arrangement or relaxation amid at ensuring respect for the right of equality which follows the strict application of an institutional standard infringes on an individual's right to equality
reasonable accomodation
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the intercultural dovetailing relationship among four groups the francophone majority, the anglophone minority. the Aboriginal minority and the cultural communities
interculturalsime
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concept based on the moral equality of persons, freedom of conscience and religion, the separation of church and state and the state's neutrality with respect to religious and deep seated secular convictions
open secularism
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that unless there is a valid reason to the contrary state functions should be exercised by the lowest level of government
subsidiarity
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the idea that Quebec is not like the other provinces therefore there needs are different
asymmetrical federalism
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the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year
gross domestic product
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the doctrine that declares that the Americans are to be free of foriegn influence and that the United States will act to prevent such influence
monroe Doctrine
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the new country was divinely ordained with a special mission to cover North America
Manifest destiny
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the belief held by many Americans that the United States cannot be judged by the same standards as other countries
American expansionism
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American policy of high tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers making it cheeper to buy domestically than to import products also expand transportation systems built through federal contracts and guarantee loans to private operators and designed to bring products to market thirdly immigration to supply domestic markets
import subsitution
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a territory defined physiologically, geographically, climatically, culturally, politically, or economically
region
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an individual's personal identification with a region
regionalism
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a sense of grievance based on the belief that regional differences are not natural but result from the actions of individuals or groups residing outside the region
regional alienation
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the requirement that subordinate group members express outward compliance with the values and practices of the dominant British group
anglo-comformity
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the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another
racism
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the fear of what is strange
xenophobia
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the number of people out of work and actively looking for work divided by the total number of labour force participants including the unemployed
unemployment rate
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built around mass political movements mobilized around symbols and traditions congruent with the popular culture which express a group's sense of threat arising from powerful outside elements and directed at the groups perceived peoplehood
populist
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a system of state provision of people's social needs outside private markets
welfare state
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the set of values beliefs and behaviours that lend predictability to our everyday surroundings
symbolic order
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the tendency of new immigrants to settle in areas already populated by members of their cultural community
chain migration
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whereby no culture is officially privileged over another
multiculteralism
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Canada's founding as a hinterland producer of raw exports for world markets curtailed normal economic and political development
staples theory
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emphasizes the unequal relationship between core and periphery in the world capitalist system set in motion by early colonization
dependency theory
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the elites helped found the country and develop it as they were the owners of the fur trade and other resource industries
elite theory
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that canada developed because of a class system that controlled the economics and politics of the country
class theory
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an activist approach to economic development on the part of provincial governments
province building
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the simultaneous occurrence of a declining economy and increasing unemployment with rising inflation
stagflation
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an ideological belief in the efficiency of free markets limited government and private property
neo-liberalism
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a positive combination of interaction reciprocity and trust that bonds people to their communities
social capital
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the bonding effect of society that arise spontaneously out of individuals willingly interacting together towards collective goals
social cohesion
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combines education occupation and income in a composite index
socio-economic status
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people move through life as members of a group with the potential of becoming conscious of this affiliation
social class
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the upward or downward movement of individuals or groups from one position in the social stratification system to another position
social mobility
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the total amount of money and other financial assets owned by individuals or families
wealth
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money earned through the scale of labour or through investments
income
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the disproportionate representation of women among the poor
feminization of poverty
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