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energy in the form of motion
kinetic energy
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stored energy due to postition, can be converted to kinetic energy when something acts to release it
potential energy
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sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system
mechanical energy
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transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move
work
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amount of work done, or the amount of energy transfered in a certain amount of time
power
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device that makes doing work easier
machine
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measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed into work done by a machine
efficiency
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force exerted on a machine that is used to do work
effort force
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force applied by a machine to overcome resistance
resistance force
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the fixed point on a lever
fulcrum
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machine that does work with only one movement
simple machine
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combination of two or more simple machines
compound machine
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solar heating system device that absorbs radiant energy from the sun
solar collector
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total energy, including kinetic and potential energy of the particles that make up a material
thermal energy
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energy from the sun that is free, renewable, and can be used to heat buildings
solar energy
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device that removes thermal energy from one place and transfers it to another place at a different temperature
heat mover
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material that doesn't allow electrons to move through it easily
insulator
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thermal energy that flows from a warmer material to a cooler material
heat
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object
temperature
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formula for gravitational potential energy
GPE=m*9.8m/s2 * h
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formula for kinetic energy
KE=1/2m * v2
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formula for work
- W=f*d
- work = force * distance
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formula for the IMA of an inclined plane
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formula for the IMA of a wheel and axle
- IMA= Rw/Ra
- radious of wheel/ radious of axle
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Formula for the IMA of a lever
- IMA= Le/Lr
- length of effort arm/ length of resistance arm
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formula for the change in thermal energy
- Q=m* (Tf-Ti) *C
- Q= m*(Tf-Ti) * specific heat
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transfer of energy in the form of electomagnetic waves
radiation
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device that converts thermal energy produced by combustion into mechanical energy
heat engine
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amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material to 1k
specific heat
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a type of heat engine that burns fuel inside the engine
internal combustion engine
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a unit to measure how much energy you get from food
calorie
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1c= how many joules?
4,184j
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1g of fat= how many calories?
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1g of carb = how many calories?
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4 stroke engine
- 1.intake
- 2.compression
- 3.power
- 4.exhaust
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3 types of potential energy
- 1.Gravitational
- 2.Elastic
- 3.Chemical
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energy stored by objects above Earth's surface
gravitational potential energy
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energy stored by something that can stretch or compress
elastic potential energy
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energy in chemical bonds
chemical potential energy
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3 types of levers
- 1.first class
- 2.second class
- 3.third class
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changes direction of applied force
first class lever
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resistance force is between effort force and fulcrum
second class lever
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effort force is located between resistance force and fulcrum
third class lever
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energy is converted from a small amount of mass, atoms added together
nuclear fussion
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converts mass into energy, atoms are broken apart
nuclear fission
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types of machines
- 1.lever
- 2.pulley
- 3.wheel & axle
- 4.inclined plane
- 5.screw
- 6.wedge
- 7.compound machine
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a bar that is free to pivot, or turn around a fixed point
lever
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grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or cable running along it
pulley
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two wheels of different sizes that rotate together
wheel & axle
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a sloping surface, ramp
inclined plane
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two or more simple machines are used together
compound machine
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substance used to absorb heat
coolant
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when is work done?
- 1.object has to move
- 2.moves in direction of applied force
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human coolant
sweat, absorbs heat from body
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why is water the best coolant?
Because it takes the longest to heat up and cool down
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3 heating systems
- 1.forced air
- 2.electric
- 3.radiant
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what is thermal energy transferred by?
conduction, convection, and radiation
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what is the difference between conduction and convection?
- conduction is transferred through matter by the direct contact of particles.
- convection is the transfer of energy in a fluid by movement of heated particles
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