-
concentration of active ingredient is related to what 3 things
- ontogeny (stage of development)
- age
- genome of plant
-
garbling?
removing foreign stuff
-
why is drying the most impt part of the process
- rid of enzyme
- remove harmful water
- reduce mass and vol
- ease comminution
- prevent microbe growth
-
diff btwn whole plant material adn advanced plant material
adv is reduced in size
-
the less solvent, the ___ potent in galenicals (extracts)
more
-
list extractives in order of potency
- tincture
- fluid extracts (liquie extract)
- extracts - semiliquid, soft, dry
-
crude plant material is chemically changed?
no
-
extractive is chemically changed?
maybe b/c of solvent
-
maceration
cold, direct heat or indirect heat method?
what is it?
-
percolation
cold, direct heat or indirect heat method?
what is it?
- cold
- aka lixiviation
- extract by gravity
- could make anything galenical
-
cold infusion is only used for..
- water soluble plants
- also can use hot infusion
- these are prone to oxidation
-
which method needs a condenser? why
decoction, infusion, digestion, percolation
- digestion
- prevenet loss of volatile solvenet
-
which 2 holistic meds use decoction?
- ayurveda
- traditional chinese med
-
which is good for hard material?
digestion, decoction, or infusion
decoction
-
which is good for soft, comminuted materials?
digestion, decoction, or infusion
-
which has carbs so you need to refrigerate?
digestion, decoction, or infusion
- decoction and infusion
- water soluble plant components
-
which one goes by w/w?
tincture, fluid extract, extract
extract
-
difference of fluidextract from tincture
- maybe more alcohol
- more potent
-
advantage of liquid extract over tab and tincture
- faster absorb than tab
- more potent than tincture
-
holistically balanced liquid extract guarantees what?
constituents of the extract are in the same synergistic ratio as in the plant
-
wet mass made with chopped plant and water drop applied to skin and cover with dressing material.
a) poultice
b) compress
c) hot infusion
d) salve
e) plaster
-
cloth soaked in hot decoction or infusion and apply
a) poultice
b) compress
c) hot infusion
d) salve
e) plaster
compress
-
mix of soft plant and neutral vegetable oil is heated over double boiler then oil applied.
a) poultice
b) compress
c) hot infusion
d) salve
e) plaster
hot infusion
-
plant mixed with lard or margarine etc. rub on skin
a) poultice
b) compress
c) hot infusion
d) salve
e) plaster
salve
-
plant or extractive is put on sticky paper/cloth, moist with water and apply.
a) poultice
b) compress
c) hot infusion
d) salve
e) plaster
plaster
-
what's muster muster for, how do you use?
- inflam, pain, itch, chest to decongest, back pain
- plaster
- use for 10-15 min otherwise blister
-
st john's wort oil is made by what method?
hot infusion
-
which can deliver lower dose and faster?
crude plant vs. extract
extract
-
what are some pure plant components?
do their compositions change over time?
- morphine, codeine, scopolamine, caffeine, pilocarpine, ephedrine, atropine
- no, constant composition
-
two roles of FDA for dietary supplement
- public safety
- ensure the info is true and complete
-
what's misbranding?
what's on the label and what's inside don't match
-
under which act, the DS manufacturer is responsible to ensure DS is safe before marketing?
DSHEA
-
what does federal trade commission do?
regulate dietary supplement advertising
-
unlike herbal, food labels have...
- calories
- carb, fat, protein
-
5 different claims recognized by FDA for food and dietary supple.
- structure/functional claim
- food claim
- health claim
- disclaimer
- ingredient disclaimer
-
label of all DS should have what claimer?
- this has not been evaluated by the FDA
- this is not to dx, tx, prevent or cure any disease
-
is the disclaimer for DS required by law?
-
can you put "chronic constipation" on the DS label?
- no - this is a disease state
- you can say acute, though
-
what are the natural events that can go on DS label?
- morning sickness of pregnancy
- cramps and mild mood change of PMS
- hot flash
- spider vein
- wrinkles
- gases, mild memory problem, minor pain or hair loss due to aging, noncystic acne
-
what are the life cycle events that can go on the DS label?
- pregnancy
- menstrual cycle
- menopause
- aging
-
what are the 3 parts in the evaluation of herbals?
- identification
- purity
- quality
-
what standard should you follow to evaluate herbals?
USP-NF
-
"compendial limits of tolerance"?
- means "it should not contain n.m.t. ...%"
- this is to determine purity of herbals
-
how do you assess scientific (compendial) quality of herbal?
- assay is the only way
- %, mass unit/tab, mass unit/ml, mass unit/mass unit
-
what does compendial mean?
scientific
-
chemical markers are used to..
- identify product
- compare uniformity
- equivalent action or potency detect
- chem stability
-
purpose of analytical marker
acid active marker, identification, check reproducibility, assess stability
-
which may be pharamcologically active?
active, analytical, negative marker
active (MAY, not always)
-
does analytical marker have pharmacological action or active marker?
npe nope
-
negative marker?
- unwanted plant part (toxicity or allergy)
- USP-NF have n.m.t. requirement
-
adulteration is regulated by...
FDA
-
is contamination same as adulteration?
no - its a form of adulteration
-
admixture
- presence of foreign material
- (only when exceeds USP-NF limit)
-
a-bisabolol, flavonoids, chamazulene.
marker for...
chamomilee
-
terpene lactone.
marker for...
ginkgo
-
terpenoidal saponin.
marker for...
ginseng roots
-
flavonoids (hyperoside), OPC.
marker for..
hawthorn
-
b-sitosterol (phytosterol), fatty acids.
marker for...
saw palmetto
|
|
