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yeast use this process to convert pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcoholic fermentation
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three-carbon product of glycolysis
pyruvic acid
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two-carbon molecule used in Kreb's Cycle
acetyl CoA
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process that produces large amounts of ATP
Aerobic respiration
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Does not require oxygen
anaerobic
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reduced electron carrier formed in glycolysis
NADH
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four-carbon molecule that combines with acetyl CoA
oxaloacetic acid
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six-carbon molecule in the Kreb's Cycle
citric acid
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electron carrier molecule that is oxidized when G3P is reduced
NAD+
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the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
cellular respiration
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the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
mitochondrial matrix
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electron carrier molecule similar to NAD+
FAD
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pathway in which two molecules of pyruvic acid are produced
glycolysis
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pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA, producing carbon dioxide, hydrogen atoms, and ATP
Krebs Cycle
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the recycling of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions
fermentation
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unit of energy
kilocalorie
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Which organic energy storing compounds are similar in that both accept electrons during redox reactions
NADP+;NAD+
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which two processes keep the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stable?
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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Which process REMOVES carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
photosynthesis
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Which process ADDS carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Cellular respiration
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Which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
When water splits at photosystem II in the light reaction
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Which part of cellular respiration is oxygen comsumed?
Electron Transport Chain - oxygen is final electron acceptor
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In step one of glycolysis, what is taken from what to convert glucose to a new six carbon compound?
phosphates from 2 ATP
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Because the new six carbon compound in step 2 of glycolysis is unstable, what happens?
it separates into two molecules of G3P
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In step 3 of glycolysis, the two molecules of G3P gain what?
a phosphate group each
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In step four of glycolysis, phosphates from the three carbon compounds are removed to create
Pyruvic acid and 4 ATP
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What do glyco- and -lysis mean?
sugar-sweet;break apart
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Where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
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The final electron acceptor is...
oxygen
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What is the enzyme that performs chemiosmosis?
ATP synthase
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The efficiency of glycolysis is..
2%
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The efficiecny of Aerobic Repiration is..
40%
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Glycolysis creates
4 ATP and 2 NADH
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The NET GAIN of glycolysis is
2 ATP and 2 NADH
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What is released during the Krebs Cycle?
carbon dioxide
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What is produced during the Krebs Cycle?
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP
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How many turns of the Krebs Cycle uses up one glucose?
2
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The electron transport chain occurs where?
the inner membrane
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What are the two types of Fermentation?
Alcoholic and Lactic Acid
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what regenerates during fermentation?
NAD+
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What process is important to the baking and brewing industries?
alcholic fermentation
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What is the historical importance of fermentation?
preserving crops and turning something perishable into something no perishable - gave it economic value - ex. beer, wine
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How can you make your body more efficient?
by doing more aerobic exercise to keep aerobic respiration going since it is more efficient and supplies more energy
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