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emotion
feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him/her, especially to his/her well being
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stranger anxiety/separation anxiety
occurs when an infant shows a fear and wariness of strangers
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separation protest
crying when the caregiver leaves
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reciprocal interactions
coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant
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Colic
crying disorder, w/ extended periods of intense crying, unknown cause; 1/10 infants; birth-12 weeks
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temperament
an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding
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goodness of fit
the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
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3 central characteristics of personality development
- 1) trust vs. mistrust
- 2) development of sense of oneself
- 3)independence through separation & individuation
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social referencing
"reading" emotional cues in others to determine how to act in a particular situation; emerges by the end of 1st year, improves during the 2nd year.
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attachement
refers to the close, emotional bond between an infant and his/her primary caregiver
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4 phases of attachment development
- 1) birth - 2 months: infants direct their attention to human figures
- 2) 2-7 months: attachment becomes focused on 1 figure
- 3) 7-24 months: specific attachments develop secure attachements develop
- 4) 24months+ :
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Strange Situation
developed by Ainsworth; revealed 4 types of attachment behavior
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4 types of attachment behavior
- 1) securely attached: explore environ using caregiver as secure base; mild discomfort when caregiver leaves
- 2) insecure avoidance: avoids caregiver, shows no distress/crying when caregiver leaves
- 3) insecure resistance: clings to caregiver & protests loudly/actively if caregiver leaves
- 4) insecure disorganized: disorientation; extreme fearfulness may be shown even with caregiver
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reciprocal socialization
2-way interaction process, whereby parents socialize children & children socialize parents
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parent-infant synchrony
temporal coordination of social behavior
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scaffolding
parental behavior that supports children's efforts through turn taking sequences
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