-
The production of Prostaglandins Thromboxane and Prostacyclin is via
Archidonic acid being broke down by Cyclooxygenase
-
Cyclooxygenase can be inhibited by
Aspirin, thus it is an anticoagulant
-
Leukotrienes are synthesized by the breakdown of
Arachidonyl-CoA by 5-Lipoxygenase
-
von Willebrand (vWF) does what
Attaches to the VIII clotting factor stabilizing it, preventing it from reacting
-
How is the VIII clotting factor released from vFW
Thrombin releases it making it active for use
-
What are the substances secreted by the platelets that initiate clotting, and what do each do
- Epinephrine
- Serotonin (vasoconstrictor)
- Thromboxane A2 (promotes platelet aggregation)
- Platelet activating factor
- ADP (Attracts more platelets)
-
When no clotting is needed what do the endothelial cells release to prevent platelet adhesion
Prostacyclin and Nitric Oxide
-
What is the first clotting factor to begin the cascade in the intrinsic pathway
Factor XII
-
What activates Factor XII
Kininogen and PreKallikrein
-
What clotting factors require Ca in its presence to activate
-
What factors does thrombin activate
-
What factors are activated on the surface of platelets
Factors XII, X, and II
-
Why are clotting factors II so important
It cuts certain proteins of the clotting cascade activating them, namely Va and Xa. It is also the junction of the common pathway
-
Factor II is also known as
Prothrombin
-
Factor IIa is also known as
Thrombin
-
What is the only serine protease in the extrinsic pathway
Factor VII
-
What causes the fibrous mesh
Fibrinogen (factor I)
-
What is the most important coagulation inhibitor and why
Antithrombin III, Because it controls the activities of IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa
-
Once collagen is damaged and exposed it triggers what
Prekallikrein, it is the first protein to start clotting
-
What does prothrombin (II) do
It uses Va and Xa to make Thrombine (IIa)
-
What is significant about thrombin if factors XII, PK and HMWK are absent
It has the ability to circumvent them and activate XI
-
Thrombin binds to thrombomodulin to
Activate protein C which activates Protein S which inhibits Va and VIIIa, resulting in Stopping coagulation
-
What does plasminogen do
Dissolves fibrin clots
-
Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) does what
It is activated by Thrombin and in turn impairs the plasminogens ability break down the fibrin clot
-
The predominant form of thrombin in the blood stream is in what state
Its inactive prothrombin state
-
Anti-thrombin III can not function without what
Heparin
-
What are the steps for the activation of Antithrombin III
Heparin binds to inactive antithrombin III, after binding it opens the binding site for serine protease, inactivating the serine. The serine and antithrombin disassociate with heparin and are then taken to the liver for degredation
-
What factors are inhibited by heparin
-
What are some additional serine inhibitors
- Alpha 2 Macroglobulin
- Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
- Heparin cofactor II
-
What reaction forms the fibrin polymers in a blood clot
Transglutaminase reaction
-
What are the two biological agents that activate clot deformation
-
What is the drug administered to activate clot deformation
Streptokinase
-
The inhibition of clot deformation is done by what two agents
- Alpha 2 antiplasmin
- Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2)
-
What are the factors tested in a Prothrombin Time Test (PT)
- VII
- X
- V
- II
- I
- Measures extrinsic pathway
-
What are the factors measured in Activated partial thrombo blastin time (PTT)
- XII
- XI
- IX
- VIII
- X
- V
- II
- I
- Intrinsic Test
-
PTT is used to detect the effect of what drug
Heparin
-
PT is used to detect the effectiveness of what drug
-
Thrombin time is used to measure what therapy
- Heparin
- Fibrin Clot therapy
-
Bleeding time is used to measure what
- Abnormal Platelet function
- Aspirin
- von Willebrand Disease
-
Vit K is important for clot formation why
Vitamin K makes it possible for factors II, VII, IX, and X to bind to the membranes of platelets
-
How does Vitamin K assist in the binding of clot factors to the plasma membrane
It adds carboxyl groups to them
-
What drug blocks the effects of Vitamin K
Warfarin
|
|
