ECG

The pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood

Occlusion of this vessel has been referred to as the “widow maker” b/c of its association with sudden death

A repetitive pumping process that includes all of the events associated with the flow of blood thru the heart

Blood flows from the R atrium thru the ___ valve into the R ventricle

The amt of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart

A double walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection

A positive___ effect results in an increase in myocardial contractility

Blood flows from the L atrium thru the ___ valve into the L ventricle

Specialized nerve tissue located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch that detects changes in blood pressure

The largest vein that drains the heart

Coronary artery that supplies the SA node and AV node in most of the population

This results when the heart’s demand for oxygen exceeds its supply from the coronary circulation

A neg ___ effect refers to a decrease in heart rate

Sensors in the internal carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (ph)

The amt of blood flowing into the R atrium each minute from the systemic circulation

Represents total ventricular activity-the time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization

Intrinsic rate of AV junction

Ability of cardiac muscle cells to respond to an external stimulus

Extent to which a cell is able to respond to a stimulus

Movement of ions across a cell membrane in which the inside of the cell is restored to its negative charge

Intrinsic rate of ventricles

Working cells of the myocardium that contain contractile filaments

Corresponds with the onset of the QRS complex to the peak of the T wave

Mvmt of ions across a cell membrane causing the inside of the cell to become more positive

Specialized cells of the heart’s electrical conduction system capable of spontaneously generating and conducting electrical impulses

Intrinsic rate of SA node

Surface of the Left ventricle viewed by leads II, III, and aVF

Lead type: I, II,III

Corresponds with the down slope of the T wave

Surface of the Left ventricle viewed by leads I, aVL, V5, and V6

Measured on the horizontal axis of ECG

Lead type: aVR, aVL, aVF

Measured on the vertical axis

Common dysrhythmia asso with respiratory rate

Appearance of P waves that originate from the SA node

Positive (upright) in lead II, one precedes each QRS

Rate asso with a sinus bradycardia

Less than 60 BPM

If the SA node fails to generate an impulse, the next (escape) pacemaker that should generate an impulse

AV junction

Dysrhythmia with a pause that is the same as (or an exact multiple of) the distance between two other P-P intervals

Sinoatrial (SA) block

Normal rate for a sinus rhythm

60-100 BPM

Pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 20-40 BPM

Ventricles

Dysrhythmia with a pause of undetermined length that is not the same distance as other P-P intervals

Sinus arrest

Normal QRS duration in an adult

<0.10 sec

Updated term for wandering atrial pacemaker

Multiformed atrial rhythm

The most common preexcitation syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Atrial rate asso with type I atrial flutter

250-350 BPM

Consequence of decreased ventricular filling time

Decreased stroke volume

Type of meds: Verapamil, diltiazem

Calcium channel blocker

Type of med: Digoxin

Cardiac glycoside

ECG characteristic of nonconducted PAC

Early P wave with no QRS following it

Type of med: Adenosine

1st line med used for most types of PSVT

Atrial rate asso with atrial fib

400-600 BPM

Type of med: Esmolol, atenolol, metoprolo, propranolol

Beta-blocker

Term referring to the sudden onset or cessation of a dysrhythmia

Paroxysmal

Ventricular rhythm may be reg or irreg, waveforms resembling teeth of a saw or picket fence before QRS

Atrial flutter

Early beat initiated by an irritable atrial site

Premature atrial complex

Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm, no identifiable P waves

Atrial fib

Before elective cardioversion, prophylactic tx with___ is recommended for the pt in atrial fib

Anticoagulants

Impulses originating from a source other than the SA node

Ectopic

Name given to a dysrhythmia that originate in the AV junction with a ventricular rate btw 61-100 BPM

Accelerated junctional rhythm

____ toxicity/excess is a common cause of junctional dysrhythmias

Digitalis