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Plasma Membrane
- contains receptors for communcation
- forms intercellular connections
- acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents
- regulates material movement into and out of the cell
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Cytoplasm
What are the 3 components of cytoplasm?
- site of metobolic processes of the cell
- Stores nutrients and dissolved solutes
- Three components:
- - cytosol
- - inclusions
- - organelles
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Nucleus
- cell's control center
- controls protein synthesis
- directs the functional and structural characteristics of the cell
- controls all genetic information
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Cytosol
- provides support for organelles
- serves as viscous medium through which diffusion occurs
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Organelles
carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell
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inclusions
store materials
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Nuclear Envelope
pores in envelope regulate exchange of materials with the cytoplasm
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Nuclear Pores
- openings through the nuclear envelope
- allow for passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
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Nucleolus
synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER)
- interconnected network of membrane tubules and vesicles; no ribosomes
- Synthesizes lipids
- metabolizes carbohydrates
- detoxifies drugs
- alcohol
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- synthesizes proteins for secretion
- new proteins for the the plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes
- transports and stores molecules
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Golgi Apparatus
- modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion
- inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis
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Lysosomes
- digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell
- removes old/damaged organelles
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Peroxisomes
Convert Hydrogren peroxide formed during metabolism to water
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Mitochondria
Synethsize most ATP during cellular respiration; "powerhouses of cell"
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Ribosomes
- Synthesizes protein for:
- 1. use in the cell
- 2. secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane or lysosomes
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Cytoskeleten
- Provides structural support
- facilitates cytoplasmic streaming
- organelle and cellular motality
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Microtubules
- support cell
- hold organelles in place
- direct organelle movement within cell and cell motility as cilia and flagella
- move chromosomes at cell division
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Centrosome
Organizes microtubules during cell division for movement of chromosomes
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Cilia
Move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface
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Flagellum
Propels sperm cells in human male
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Microvilli
Increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion
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