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abonormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
PINK PUFFER
emphysema
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3 types of emphysema
- panlobular
- centrilobular
- bullous
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air spaces in their distended state, more than 1cm in diameter
bullae
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air spaces adjacent to the pleura, usually less than 1cm in diameter in their distended state
blebs
-
-
patho of emphysema
- elastic recoil of the lung is diminished, results in premature airway closure
- ins flow rates are normal while exp flow are REDUCED
- air trapping leads to chronic hyperinflation of the lungs and an inc FRC
- lung comp is inc result of destruction of elastic lung tissue
-
clinical signs n symptoms
- dyspnea
- digital clubbing results from chronic hypoxemia
- inc ap chest diam (barrel chest)
- elevated cbc
- abg levels is chronic co2 retention and hypoxemia
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treatment of emphysema
smoking cessation
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hypertrophy and thickening of the right heart ventricle
caused by pulm htn
cor pulmonale (right heart failure)
-
cor pulm results in
peripheral edema such as pedal (ankle) edema, distended neck veins, and enlarged liver ****
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treatment for cor pulm
- smoking sessation
- pursed lip breathing-- acts as peep, prevents premature airway closure by producing back pressure
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inflammation of bronchial mucosa that can be acute or chronic. BLUE BLOATER
coughing with mucus for days, 3 months longer for 2 successive years
bronchitis
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cause of bronchitis
- smoking
- inhaled smoke, pollutants
greatly inc air resistance with air trapping
-
clinical signs and symp of bronchitis
- cough w/ sputum production
- dyspnea on exertion progressing to dyspnea w/ less effort
- co2 retention and hypoxemia
-
treatment of bronchitis
- avoid smoking
- bronchial hygiene, bronchodilators to losen up secretions
- anti inflam med, steroids
- antibiotics for infection
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