chapter 13 psychology

the psychological qualities of an individual that influence a variety of characteristic behavior patterns accross difference situations and over time

distinct pattern of personality characteristics used to assign people to categories; qualitative differences, rather than differences in degree, used to discriminate among people

enduring personal quality or attribute that influences behavior accross situation

a comprehensive descriptive personality system that maps out the relationships among common traits, theoretical concepts, and personality scales; informally called the Big Five

the observation that personality ratings across time and mong different observers are consisten while behavior ratings across situations are not consistent

theory of personality that shares the assumption that personality is hsaped by and behavior is motivated by inner forces

the psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones

an individual's discomfort and or inhibition in interpersonal situations that interferes with pursuing an interpersonal professional goal

a state in which a person remains attached to objects or activities more appropriate for an earlier stage of psychosexual development

the assumption that mental and behavioral reactions are determined by previous experiences

the domain of the psyche that stores repressed urges and primitive impulses

the primitive, unconscious part of the personality that represents the internalization of society's values, standards, and morals

the aspect of personality that represents the internalization of society's values, standards, and morals

the aspect of personality iinvolved in self preservation activities and in directing instinctual drives and urges to appropriate channels

the basic defense mechanism by which painful or guilt-producing thoughts, feelings, or memories, are excluded from conscious awareness

mental strategy (conscious or unconscious) used by the ego to defend itself against conflicts experienced in the normal course of life

an intense emotional response caused by the preconscious recognition that a repressed conflict is about to emerge into consciousness

the part of an individual's unconscious that is inherited, evolutionarily developed, and common to all members of the species

a universal, inherited, primitive, and symbolic representation of a particular experience or object

a branch of psychoology that view the person as a constellation of compensatory internal forces in a dynamic balance

a concept in personality psychology referring to a person's constant striving to realize his or her potential and to develop inherent talents and capabilities

complete love and acceptance of an individual by another person, such as a parent for a child, with no conditions attached

the use of psychological (especially personality) theory to describe and explain an individual's couse through life

the exten to which people believe that their behavior in particular situations will bring about rewards

people's general expectancy about the extent to which the rewards they obtain are contigent on their own actions or on environmental factors

a concept of Albert Bandura's social-learning theory that refers to the notion that a complex reciprocal interaction exists among individual, his or her behavior, and environmental stimuli and that each of these components affects the others

the set of beliefts that one can perform adequately in a particular situation

a theory of personality that refers to the expertise people bring to their experience of life tasks

a person's mental model of his or her abilities and attributes

one of the ideal selves that a person would like to become, the selves of a person could become, and the selves a person is afraid of becoming; components of the congnitive sense of self

a generalized evaluative attitude toward the self that influences both moods and behavior and that exerts a powerful effect on a range of personal and social behaviors

the process of developing, in anticipation of failure, behavioral reactions and explanations that minimize ability deficits a s possible attributions for the failure

conceptualization of the self as an individual whose behavior is organized primarily by reference to one's own thoughts, feelings, and actions, rather than by reference to the thoughts, feelings and actions of others

conceptualization of the self as part of an encompassing social relationship; recognizing that one's behavior is determined, contigent on, and to a large extent organied by what the actor perceived to be the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others

a self-report questionnaire used for personality assessment that includes a series of items about personal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

a method oef personality assessment in which an individual is presented with a standardized set of ambigiou, abstract stimulu and asked to interpret their meanings; the individual's responses are assumed to reveal inner feelings; motives, and conflicts